The main of this work is to present a study that permits to obtain a quantitative assessment of the urban density under seismic condition on sloped land. The research of relation between the bearing capacity of soil and the urban density is based on the modeling of the physical weight of an urban composition and the limit capacity of soil. The referential urban shape is assimilated to a planar parcel situated in one big number of square plots. The vertical component of earthquake acceleration is considered as additional force to the static weight of the buildings, and the horizontal component is taken as additional force that increases the lateral force of slope. This approach permits the analysis of the global slope stability of an urbanized land. The elaboration of this study is a response to the disaster risk reduction that sustainable urban development recommends. The urban composition is characterized by a mathematical system composed by two equations represented respectively by the urban density and the site coverage ratio. This system is indeterminate because there is one unknown: the building footprint; and one correlation: the plot surface. To solving this problem, it is demanded to use loop procedure, and finite difference method that consists in introducing a random value of density, and then to comparing the obtained density with the introduced value. The study begins with the evaluation of the weight of the floors, and then follows with the distribution of the weight of all buildings, that composes one orthogonal parcel, on the global surface of parcel. This repartition gives an equivalent uniform charge. Therefore, by this simplification, it is possible to resolve the problem by static method. At last, the study finishes by the presentation of graphs showing the relation between the soil bearing and the urban density.
This study aims at presenting a methodology for the taking decision about the retrofit or the destruction of the damaged buildings by an earthquake. The proposition is founded on the damages caused by the seism of Boumerdes in Algeria, on 23 May 2003. This work can to help the authorities and owners to make a choice concerning the retrofit or the destruction of buildings and reconstruction.The analysis begins by the identification of the structural damages in the structures, then by the evaluation of costs of the reparations and the retrofit of all functions of the building. If the owner has contracted insurance, the amount of insurance is deducted. After this step, this cost is compared to the cost of the destroying of the old building and the rebuilding cost of a new similar building. The life duration of structure is integrated respectively for the retrofitted building and the build of a new equivalent building. The depreciation of capital according to the time of exploitation is calculated on the reference: fifty years for the new investments, and twenty-five years for the retrofitted buildings.The resolution of the problem uses the comparison between the cost of retrofit divided by twenty-five to which added the amount of insurance, and the cost of new equivalent construction divided by fifty to which added the amount of destruction. This approach gives a result according to retrofit, insurance, the equivalent new building and the depreciation of capital. The compilation of the actualized costs according to each zone permits to have a quick vision about the economical decision. The cost of the urban land component is not taken in account and the network is considered in good state.
The aim of this paper is to present a model that permits to assessment the quantitative green space and its costs in the urban. This approach is founded on the modelling of the functions and the corresponding spaces into an orthogonal parcel having a planar form. The elaboration of such as tool is a response to the sustainable urban development that recommends the optimization of land use. The summation of all spaces that compose the parcel defines the surface called plot surface. The green space into the parcel is a correlation of shape and disposition of the plots, and of the number of plots in the Master Plan. The urban composition is characterized by a mathematical system composed by two equations represented respectively by the urban density and the site coverage ratio. This system is indeterminate because there is one unknown: the building footprint; and one correlation: the plot surface. To solving this problem, it is demanded to use loop procedure, and finite difference method that consists to introduce a random value of urban density, then to compare the obtained density with the introduced value. At last, the study finishes by the presentation of graphs illustrating the ratio and the costs of green areas in function with the urban density, and by the showing of the software.
The objective of this work is an analysis of the use of high performance concrete and it impact on the morphology and structure costs. The use of high performance concrete (HPC) in the construction of buildings and civil engineering works offers advantages in terms of durability, ease of implementation, reduction of deformation and shrinkage, increase the resistance of reinforced concrete structures. The economic benefits of the use of high performance concrete, compared to conventional concrete are illustrated by the reduction of the following costs: the implementation of concrete, the geometric sections of bearing elements of the built space and the maintenance of structures. The cost of high performance concrete, for the resistance inferior to 80 Mpa, gives a significative advantage comparatively to the steel and the ordinary concrete. The generalized use of this type of concrete in many countries has been stimulated by a national plan.
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