Due to its exceptional advantages, such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, and good fatigue resistance, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is frequently utilized in aerospace, aviation, automotive, rail transportation, and other areas. Composite components typically need to be joined and integrated. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the most used methods for processing composite components are cutting, drilling, and surface treatment. The quality of CFRP is significantly impacted by traditional mechanical processing, causing flaws like delamination, burrs, and tears. Laser processing technology has emerged as a crucial method for processing CFRP for its high quality, non-contact, simple control, and automation features. The most recent research on the laser processing of CFRP is presented in this paper, supporting scientists and engineers who work in the field in using this unconventional manufacturing technique. This paper gives a general overview of the key features of laser processing technology and the numerous machining techniques available. The concepts and benefits of laser processing technology are discussed in terms of the material properties, mode of operation, and laser characteristics, as well as the methods to achieve high efficiency, low damage, and high precision. This paper reviews the research development of laser processing of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, and a summary of the factors affecting the quality of CFRP laser processing. Therefore, the research content of this article can be used as a theoretical basis for reducing thermal damage and improving the processing quality of laser-processed composite materials, while, on this basis, we analyze the development trend of CFRP laser processing technology.

The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method of laser shadowgraphy is used in the experiment. Experimental results show that when the pulse delay is 2.4 ms, the ms and ns laser energy density is 301 J cm−2 and 12 J cm−2, respectively, the velocity of shock wave is 1.09 times faster than that induced by single ns pulse laser. It is inferred that the shock wave propagates in the plasma is faster than that in air. When the ms and ns laser energy density is 414.58 and 24 J cm−2, the velocity of shock wave shows rising trend with pulse delay in a range of 1.4 ms > Δt > 0.8 ms. It is indicated that with the increase of ns laser energy, the laser energy absorbed by laser-supported absorption wave increases. The mechanism of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption acts with target surface absorption simultaneously during the ns laser irradiation. Thus, the phenomenon of the double shock wave is induced. The numerical results of the phenomenon were accordance with experiment. The results of this research can provide a reference for the field of laser propulsion.

Ablation morphology affects the quality of laser processing. Therefore, the control of ablation morphology is very important. The influence of spot size combination mode on the ablation morphology of aluminum alloy is studied for the first time. Experimental results show that when the nanosecond laser spot is larger, the ablation morphology looks like a bowl-shape, and there is little solidification near the edge. When the nanosecond laser spot is smaller, the shape of the ablation morphology is similar to a hole, and the protuberance is formed near the edge of the cavity. Through the analysis and simulation of the physical model, the physical mechanism, which describes the influence of the spot size combination mode on the molten pool, is discussed. The research results of this paper have important guiding significance for the control of laser processing effect.

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