The intelligent learning systems provide direct customized instruction to the learners without the intervention of human tutors on the basis of Semantic Web resources. Principal roles use ontologies as instruments for modeling learning processes, learners, learning disciplines and resources. This paper examines the variety, relationships, and conceptualizations of ontologies used in intelligent learning systems. The domain and application of ontologies assist in the building of learning content (courseware) and in the process of knowledge acquisition (learning session). In this paper, the conceptualization of the domain ontologies is presented by the upper levels of its taxonomies, a method and an algorithm intended for the generation of application ontologies of structural learning objects, that is, curriculum, syllabus, and lesson plan, are developed. Examples of curriculum and syllabus application ontologies are given.
The intelligent learning systems provide a direct customized instruction to the learners without intervention of human tutor on the base of Semantic Web resources. The principal role ontologies play in these systems is as an instrument for modeling learning process, learner, learning objects, and resources. In the chapter, a variety of relationships and conceptualizations of ontologies used in the intelligent learning systems are investigated. The utilization of domain and application ontologies in learning object building and knowledge acquisition is represented. The conceptualization of domain ontologies in e-learning is presented by the upper levels of its taxonomies. Moreover, a method and an algorithm intended for generation of application ontologies of structural learning objects (curriculum, syllabus, topic plan, etc.) are developed. Examples of curriculum and syllabus application ontologies are given. Further these application ontologies are used for structural learning object generation.
In the article a method and algorithm of using ontologies in e-learning sessions is proposed. The method assumes utilization of software agents and domain and application ontologies. Software agents search, extract and submit learning objects to the learners. Depending on range and level of education, domain ontology of learner and application ontologies of curriculum, syllabus and learning object plans are used. A database of learner model is designed. Under conditions of adaptive learner-oriented e-learning an algorithm of navigation through content learning objects is composed. The algorithm includes dynamic calculation of possible routes of knowledge acquiring.
The article is addressed to a wide range of specialists involved in data science including ontological data modeling and knowledge extracting in the various fields related to sustainable development (SD). A hierarchically structured ontological metamodel of SD is developed consisting of a conceptual layer of interconnected common, domain and application ontologies, and a physical layer of instance databases and documents. The SD common ontology is the top level of the conceptual layer and is associated with the next level of the SD domain ontologies in the economy, society, and nature. The third level is of the SD application ontologies and is illustrated by an example application ontology of firm sustainability. All ontologies of the SD metamodel have links to the relevant external ontologies and to specific instance databases. The proposed metamodel is a useful tool for SD knowledge structuring and classification, as well as a base for building machine learning models as a part of artificial intelligence.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.