The ground at a fundamental regulatory environmental function of water flows or on biological activity. Under anthropogenic influence and change of use changes, mineralogical, physico-chemical and biological soil constituents are processed on the basis of own sensitivity an each type of pedogenesis, altering sometimes sustainably agronomic and environmental functions and in particular the resource in water [1]. The present study shows the current state endured the steppe area in the municipality of Maamora Wilaya of Saïda. The diagnosis made sheds light on a situation that leaves to be desired and was under the influence of spectrum degradation whose origin is anthropogenic. Indeed, ploughing extends and the courses are systematically cleared, thus promoting the extension of the phenomenon of desertification. The operating system Nomad trained overloading of pastures and their degradation. Before this alarming situation and the fragility of the steppe ecosystem supports a new vision is needed and will have to rely on a rigorous planning and management thus projecting from a sustainability perspective. Our work has focused on the assessment of the (pastoral) anthropogenic impact at various levels of pressure on vegetation and some physico-chemical characteristics of soils. The results showed that a very high anthropozoogenic pressure could be irreversible for the edaphic characteristics of soils and vegetal groups had no time to recover following pressures exerted on them and the particular climatic conditions including lack of water that prevails in these semi-arid.
The forestry sector in Algeria is confronted for the years 1965 to a resurgence of the fires that destroy averaged 48 000 ha per year, or 12% of forest areas. As a result of repeated fires, a pyrophyte vegetation develops on degraded soils and from which the spontaneous regeneration of forest stands and reforestation are very difficult. The Algerian forest sustainable management must therefore be informed by an assessment of the physico-chemical quality of burned soils and the vulnerability of microbial activities in this disturbance Any rehabilitation or regeneration of the burned forest ecosystems program must take into consideration the impact of the fires on the ground [1] and therefore evaluate a large number of soil properties [2]. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of spectroscopy in the near infra-red to predict the time since the last fire and burned some microbiological characteristics of soil. This study is interested in the pine forests of the Algerian semi arid floor Aleppo pines. Promising results have shown a prediction rather senssible of the time since the last fire. The advantages of the SPIR are many. This method is fast, inexpensive and non-destructive.
In order to preserve the environment, various treatment processes of wastewater discharges are used. Anaerobic digestion is part and allows among other things the production of sludge. The use of sewage sludge in semi arid, characterized by a binding climate, anthropozoogenic pressure and erosion, more increasingly important, is a solution for the restoration of degraded forest lands. In this study, the effect of an intake of composts from urban sewage sludge on soil quality has been studied in-situ soils degraded in semi arid area. The research followed in this work methodology is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of contribution of compost over time on the restoration of the physico-chemical quality of forest soils, then to evaluate the effectiveness of compost quality depending on the state of disturbance of the ecosystem to restore the chemical quality of these soils. Our results show a significant effect of sewage sludge on soil's physical and chemical characters that have been processed. This effect was delivered by the holding capacity increase, ammonium ions, inorganic phosphorus, total nitrogen, the carbon and the organic matter in these soils. This research is to show that sewage sludge are rich in easily mineralizable organic matter and are supposed to be the most suitable for the restoration of soil most impacted by the antropozoogene action. These contributions would quickly revitalize these soils by labile resource inputs.
In Algeria, the soil degradation, more particularly the one related to the biological properties in the surface layers, is a major problem to the ecological balance and the development of forest massive. This phenomenon is considered to be the most important factor limiting the growth and productivity of forest plants in arid and semi-arid zones that can go as far as to almost sterilization of these soils. In this research, it is proposed to undertake the study on catabolic profiles of cultivable microbial communities of forest soils in western Algeria along a latitudinal gradient in some sampled surface horizons of the three zones, namely Tlemcen, Saida and Naama. Like most of soils in semiarid and arid zones, they are soils with low content in organic matter and in clay, and most often the sandy to the sand-like texture.
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