Impact of over-grazing on vegetation and physico-chemical characters of soil steppiques in western Algerian

Abstract

The ground at a fundamental regulatory environmental function of water flows or on biological activity. Under anthropogenic influence and change of use changes, mineralogical, physico-chemical and biological soil constituents are processed on the basis of own sensitivity an each type of pedogenesis, altering sometimes sustainably agronomic and environmental functions and in particular the resource in water [1]. The present study shows the current state endured the steppe area in the municipality of Maamora Wilaya of Saïda. The diagnosis made sheds light on a situation that leaves to be desired and was under the influence of spectrum degradation whose origin is anthropogenic. Indeed, ploughing extends and the courses are systematically cleared, thus promoting the extension of the phenomenon of desertification. The operating system Nomad trained overloading of pastures and their degradation. Before this alarming situation and the fragility of the steppe ecosystem supports a new vision is needed and will have to rely on a rigorous planning and management thus projecting from a sustainability perspective. Our work has focused on the assessment of the (pastoral) anthropogenic impact at various levels of pressure on vegetation and some physico-chemical characteristics of soils. The results showed that a very high anthropozoogenic pressure could be irreversible for the edaphic characteristics of soils and vegetal groups had no time to recover following pressures exerted on them and the particular climatic conditions including lack of water that prevails in these semi-arid.

Changes in bud bank and their correlation with plant community composition in degraded alpine meadows

“…By contrast, bud density was lowest in the black-soil-type degraded meadows, which is attributed mainly to the effects of harsh conditions on plant growth and regeneration (Amine Habib et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2019). For example, with the combined effects of overgrazing, extreme drought, soil erosion and rodent burrowing, palatable grasses and sedges were completely replaced by poisonous weeds; thus, the renewal capacities of tillers and rhizomes were almost lost (Habib et al, 2014).…”

“…By contrast, bud density was lowest in the black-soil-type degraded meadows, which is attributed mainly to the effects of harsh conditions on plant growth and regeneration (Amine Habib et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2019). For example, with the combined effects of overgrazing, extreme drought, soil erosion and rodent burrowing, palatable grasses and sedges were completely replaced by poisonous weeds; thus, the renewal capacities of tillers and rhizomes were almost lost (Habib et al, 2014). Furthermore, annual weeds with the traits of fast germination and quick reproduction became dominant species in this habitat; thus, the density of corms sprouting from forbs was outstandingly higher than that of corms sprouting from tiller and rhizome buds (Zhao et al, 2019).…”