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Article Info 165.01 a ±2.66 146.48 b ±6.65 110.89 c ±2.25 109.48 c ±2.23 ** Triglycerides (mg/dl) 103.74 a ±2.91 81.84 b ± 2.18 53.74 c ± 2.76 50.43 c ± 3.11 ** HDL (mg/dl) 47.42 a ± 3.99 57.47 ab ±10.36 82.02 c ± 3.57 83.13 c ± 3.46 ** LDL (mg/dl) 96.85 a ± 4.88 61.59 b ± 7.59 18.27 c ± 3.85 16.21 c ± 4.31 ** abc Mean values with different superscripts within row differ significantly.

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Background: Seaweeds are rich in complex carbohydrates, proteins and low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, lipids, organic minerals, vitamins and pigments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of seaweed formulations on nutrient utilization, growth performance, serum antioxidant activity and cell mediated immune response of crossbred calves. Methods: Eighteen male crossbred calves (130±7.56 kg body weight) were divided into 3 groups of 6 each based on complete randomized design. Concentrate mixture was formulated with crushed maize, de-oiled soybean meal, wheat bran, mineral mixture and common salt for feeding of calves in control (T0) group, while treatment groups T1 and T2 were supplemented with AF-KWP or AFRD-5 at the rate of 4% of concentrate mixture with 1% calcium carbonate and 1% dicalcium phosphate replacing mineral mixture and common salt offered in T0. Experiment was conducted for a period of 240 days. Blood was collected from each calve at 0, 100 and 200 days of experiment. At the end of the experimental feeding a metabolism trial was conducted and cell mediated immune response was asassed. Result: There was no significant difference between groups regarding nutrient utilization, total dry matter intake, gain in body weight and feed conversion ratio. However, significant (P less than 0.001) differences were observed in serum antioxidants status. Moreover, the mean values for skin thickness differed significantly (P less than 0.001) among different groups and values were 14.03, 15.54 and 16.62 in T0, T1 and T2 group, respectively. Hence seaweed formulations might improve antioxidant status and cell mediated immune response without affecting the nutrient utilization and growth performance of crossbred calves.

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Background: Sugarcane press mud (SPM) is one such agro-industrial by-product sufficiently available in sugar factories which contains more protein and soluble calcium. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sugarcane press mud on haematological, blood biochemical and immune response of crossbred calves. Methods: A total of 18 male crossbred calves (68.51±4.40 kg body weight) were divided into 3 groups of each based on complete randomized design. Calves of T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed concentrate mixture with wheat bran, concentrate mixture with 20% SPM replacing wheat bran and concentrate mixture without 20% SPM/wheat bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted for 150 days. Blood was collected from each calf on 0, 75 and 150 days of experimental periods. Result: Concentration of Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC were non-significant in different groups. Non-significant difference was also observed in serum biochemical and enzyme profile of crossbred calves. Humoral immune response was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in T2 and T3 groups. Study concluded that supplementation of sugarcane press mud (20%) improved humoral immune response without affecting the haematological and biochemical profile in crossbred calves.

Background: Seaweeds are rich in complex carbohydrates, proteins and low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, lipids, organic minerals, vitamins and pigments. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of supplementation of seaweed formulations on haematological, blood biochemical parameters and immune response of crossbred calves. Methods: A total of 18 male crossbred calves (130±7.56 kg live weight) were divided into 3 groups of 6 each based on complete randomized design. Calves in control (T0) was fed on standard diet, while treatment groups: T1 and T2 were supplemented with AF-KWP or AFRD-5 at the rate of 4% of concentrate mixture with 1% calcium carbonate and 1% dicalcium phosphate replacing mineral mixture and common salt offered in T0. The experiment was conducted for a period of 240 days. Blood was collected from each calf on 0, 100 and 200 days of experimental periods. Result: Concentration of Hb, PCV and RBC count was significantly higher in T1 and T2. Supplementation of seaweed increased significantly (P less than 0.001) the lymphocytes to neutrophil ratio. Serum total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G) and A:G ratio were comparable. Humoral immune response was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in T1 and T2. Study concluded that supplementation of seaweed formulations of T1 and T2 improved erythropoiesis, alleviate stress and increased humoral immune responses in crossbred calves and recommend as replacement to mineral mixture and common salt.