Corruption within the Indian police organization is not a new phenomenon and folklore has always associated police with extortion and brutality. At present, corruption exists in many forms and in every rank and has reached an alarming stage where some practices are not even considered deviant. This paper argues that such pervasive corruption is an expression of the organizational culture that has its roots in the British Raj. The paper, based upon an insider's viewpoints, describe some unusual forms of corruption and suggest how these emanate from organizational practices that have continued unchanged for more than a 100 years.

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to develop a method for measuring police efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe design of this paper is to apply the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a comparative or relative efficiency measuring mechanism to police‐work‐related data from India. This application provides a rationale for identifying good performance practices. It helps in generating targets of performance, the optimum levels of operations, role models that inefficient departments can emulate and the extent to which improvements can be made over a period of time.FindingsThe paper measures the performances of State police units in India and the results suggest ways in which some State police departments can improve their overall efficiency.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests ways in which the efficiency of any unit of criminal justice systems may be formulated and compared across different units of the system.Originality/valueThe value is that it introduces a new technique to police practitioners and researchers and demonstrates its efficacy by case analysis from India.

In a continuing quest to decrease the time interval between conceptualisation of a product and its first production, the use of information technology in design, analysis and manufacturing practice has been actively researched. The design engineer designs a part and sends the final design to the manufacturing engineer, who re-interprets the design and plans the manufacturing activities to produce the part. These two sections generally work in isolation from each other, resulting in high lead-time, duplication of data, inconsistent product data and sometimes redesign of a product. Feature recognition is a process of reinterpreting a design model database for automating downstream manufacturing activities. Active research in this field has developed numerous techniques such as syntactic pattern recognition, graph theory, volume decomposition, artificial intelligence and hint-based, and neural network-based systems. This paper presents a critical review of strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.

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Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis with only 450 cases reported since 1906. It is of two types, type I due to mutation in genes 6a and 16, and 6b and 17 in type II with an autosomal dominant inheritance in both types. A 22 yr old female patient presented in our OPD with hypertrophy of finger and toe nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, oral punctuate leukokeratosis, hyperhidrosis in palms and soles with maceration and malodour since childhood. She had a positive family history with father and grandfather affected but less severely. Microscopy and culture of nail clippings and scrapping were done to rule out fungal infection. On biopsy acanthotic epidermis, parakeratosis, orthokeratosis were seen. No evidence of any associated malignancy was found after thorough workup. She was diagnosed as PC Type 1. She was put on topical steroids and orally on acetretin 25 mg OD. Paring of the nails was done too reduce the thickness of nails & to provide symptomatic relief. She was on a regular treatment for 3-4 months and showed some improvement in the form of reduced palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and reduced oral punctate keratosis but was later lost on followup. She showed no adverse effect to therapy during this period. This case is being reported because of its rarity.

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The model of policing which originated in Ireland was designed to police a foreign land and is known as the colonial system. Describes the influence of the colonial model in the development of the armed police in India, used for order maintenance rather than the prevention and detection of crime. Contrasts with the Metropolitan Police system are drawn and the history of the Indian police is outlined. Although successful in protecting British commercial and political interests in the past it no longer serves the more recent needs of India, e.g. dealing with underlying social problems, allowing democratic ideals and freedom. A civilian model needs to be developed.