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Prompt fission neutrons following the thermal and 0.5 MeV neutron-induced fission reaction of 239 Pu are calculated using a Monte Carlo approach to the evaporation of the excited fission fragments. Exclusive data such as the multiplicity distribution P (ν), the average multiplicity as a function of fragment mass ν(A), and many others are inferred in addition to the most used average prompt fission neutron spectrum χ (E in , E out), as well as average neutron multiplicity ν. Experimental information on these more exclusive data help constrain the Monte Carlo model parameters. The calculated average total neutron multiplicity is ν c = 2.871 in very close agreement with the evaluated value ν e = 2.8725 present in the ENDF/B-VII.0 library. The neutron multiplicity distribution P (ν) is in very good agreement with the evaluation by Holden and Zucker. The calculated average spectrum differs in shape from the ENDF/B-VII.0 spectrum, evaluated with the Madland-Nix model. In particular, we predict more neutrons in the low-energy tail of the spectrum (below about 300 keV) than the Madland-Nix calculations, casting some doubts on how much scission neutrons contribute to the shape of the low-energy tail of the spectrum. The spectrum high-energy tail is very sensitive to the total kinetic energy distribution of the fragments as well as to the total excitation energy sharing at scission. Present experimental uncertainties on measured spectra above 6 MeV are too large to distinguish between various theoretical hypotheses. Finally, comparisons of the Monte Carlo results with experimental data on ν(A) indicate that more neutrons are emitted from the light fragments than the heavy ones, in agreement with previous works.

This study investigated the question of whether public managers' personal values are related to their decision-making styles. One hundred sixty-one state government managers participated, completing the Rokeach Value Survey and the Rowe Decision Style Inventory. Results indicate that there is an identifiable relationship: Of Rokeach's 14 clusters of values, 12 were significantly related to particular decision-making styles.

Abstract. Cross section measurements have been performed at the time-of-flight facility GELINA to determine the average capture cross section for 197 Au in the energy region between 3.5 keV and 84 keV. Prompt γ-rays, originating from neutron-induced capture events, were detected by two C 6D6 liquid scintillators. The sample was placed at about 13 m distance from the neutron source. The total energy detection principle in combination with the pulse height weighting technique was applied. The energy dependence of the neutron flux was measured with a double Frisch-gridded ionization chamber based on the 10 B(n, α) reaction. The data have been normalized to the well-isolated and saturated197 Au resonance at 4.9 eV. Special care was taken to reduce bias effects due to the weighting function, normalization, dead time and background corrections. The total uncertainty due to normalization, neutron flux and weighting function is 1.0%. An additional uncertainty of 0.5% results from the correction for self-shielding and multiple interaction events. Fluctuations due to resonance structures have been studied by complementary measurements at a 30 m flight path station. The results reported in this work deviate systematically by more than 5% from the cross section that is recommended as a reference for astrophysical applications. They are about 2% lower compared to an evaluation of the 197 Au(n, γ) cross section, which was based on a least squares fit of experimental data available in the literature prior to this work. The average capture cross section as a function of neutron energy has been parameterized in terms of average resonance parameters. Maxwellian average cross sections at different temperatures have been calculated.

This research examines gender differences in personal characteristics, work experiences, work attitudes, and professional commitment for a group of young (age < 45) dentists. While males and females had similar work attitudes, they differed in work experience -males worked more hours, saw more patients, and earned higher incomes. Males had higher scores on affective and behavioral professional commitment measures than did females, but the gender difference was significant only for behavioral commitment. For both females and males, affective professional commitment was related positively to job satisfaction, office cohesion, having young children, and negatively related to stress. The relationship between owning the practice and affective professional commitment was greater for men than women, whereas the relationship between the proportion of office staff who are close friends and affective professional commitment was greater for women than men. For males, behavioral commitment was related positively to being married, being a specialist, working more hours, having higher income and belonging to the professional association. For females, behavioral commitment was related positively to job involvement, office cohesion, and the number of days worked each week. Results suggest that affiliation is related more closely to professional commitment among females, while practice control and productivity are related more closely to professional commitment among males.

Previous studies have examined the relationship between respondent age and response to telephone surveys and face-to-face interviews (Herzog and Dielman 1985;Rodgers 1988a, 1988b;Herzog, Rodgers, and Kulka 1983). Evidence suggests that elderly, as compared to other age groups, have a lower rate of response to personal interviews (Hawkins 1975;Lowe and McCormick 1955; Mercer and Butler 1967/68) and to telephone surveys (Herzog, Rodgers, and Kulka 1983;Massey, Barker and Hsiung 1981; Thornberry 1982;Weaver, Holmes, and Glenn 1975). None of the studies cited above examined age and response rates to mail surveys, probably owing to the obvious difficulty in obtaining age data on nonrespondents to mail surveys.The ability to process information contained in a questionnaire obviously varies, to some extent, with age. Phillips and Sternthal's (1977) review of the effects of age differences on individual patterns of information exposure, learning, and influenceability concluded that the elderly (1) experience a contraction of life space that limits exposure to information; (2) show reduced ability to learn when information presentation is rapid and externally paced; and (3) are no more influenceable than other adults. John and Cole (1986) reported that memory-strategy usage and processing speed were the primary sources of information-processing deficits in elderly adults. Such deficits are most evident when (1) large amounts of information are presented;(2) when that information is covered in a less-than-optimal format that lacks