Интенсификация растениеводческой отрасли России и расширение площадей возделываемых земель обусловливает постоянно растущий спрос на минеральные удобрения, а также поиск альтернативных недорогих источников основных биогенных элементов питания растений. В работе рассмотрены результаты серии модельных лабораторных и полевых экспериментов, имевших целью оценку перспективности использования в качестве альтернативы фосфорно-калийным удобрениям глауконита Бакчарского месторождения при выращивании овса голозерного (Avéna satíva) сорт Тюменский в условиях Томской области. В опытах изучали действие различных доз глауконитового концентрата (эквивалентно 30, 60 и 90 кг/га), а также разные способы его применения: внесение в почву в качестве удобрения, предпосевная обработка семян в качестве стимулятора роста. Помимо глауконитового концентрата в экспериментах оценивали эффективность использования различных его производных: глауконитолита, гранулометрической фракции (125-500 мкм) глауконитолита, гранулометрической фракции (125-500 мкм) глауконитового песчаника и магнитной фракции (125-500 мкм) глауконитового песчаника. Установлено, что внесение глауконитового концентрата в дозе 60 кг/га оказывает наилучшее стимулирующее воздействие на процессы роста и развития растений овса и улучшение агрохимических свойств почвы. Предпосевная обработка семян овса голозерного водной взвесью глауконита положительно сказалась на всхожести и энергии прорастания семян, он является экологически безопасным удобрением. Результаты полевого и лабораторных экспериментов позволяют сделать вывод о перспективности применения глауконита и глауконитовых пород Бакчарского железорудного месторождения в качестве альтернативного калийного удобрения для выращивания зерновых культур, а также улучшения агрохимических свойств почвы.
This research presents the mechanical creation of smart fertilizers from a mixture of smectite and urea in a 3:2 ratio by using the planetary milling technique. The smectite–urea composites show intercalation between urea and mineral, which increases steadily with increasing activation time. A shift of X-Ray Diffraction basal reflections, intensities of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks, and weight losses in thermogravimetric analysis (TG) document the systematic crystallo-chemical changes of the composites related to nitrogen interaction with activation. Observations of the nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborate the inference. Nitrogen intercalates with smectite in the interlayer space and remains absorbed either within micro-aggregates or on the surface of activated smectites. Soil leaching tests reveal a slower rate of nitrogen than that of traditional urea fertilizers. Different forms of nitrogen within the composites cause their differential release rates to the soil. The formulated nanocomposite fertilizer enhances the quality and quantity of oat yield.
Glauconite-containing rocks found within the boundaries of the Bakchar deposit include the following: glauconite ores (glauconitolite), glauconite sandstone, hydrogoethite-chlorite, iron ores with glauconite. Glauconite content in glauconite ores is 50…70 %, in glauconite sandstone -20…40 %, in hydrogoethite-chlorite ores-10…20 %. This paper describes the technological characteristics of glauconite rocks. The authors proposed the optimal technological scheme of producing glauconite concentrate. It has been defined that the most highly-qualified product with commercial components 90…100 % is recovered from glauconite ores. It has been evaluated that Bakchar glauconite is applicable as a favorable mineral fertilizer based on the concentrate produced from enriched hydrogoethite-chlorite ores. Experimentally, it has been proved that this concentrate has a positive effect on the growth of oats (Avéna satíva). This is a direct indicator of its practical applicability. Obtained results indicate the fact that the extraction and application of Bakchar glauconite could be widely used in agriculture.
This study explores the fertilizer potential of glauconitic soil by monitoring its impact on the growth of plants during the second growing season after application. Our study documents a higher growth of oats (Avena sativa) in glauconitic amended soil compared to that recorded with the control sample at the end of a 97-day-long experiment. Concentrations of nutrients (K, P, ammonium, Ca, Mg) and pH of the soil increase sharply in the first growing season and mildly thereafter, after an initial concentration of 200 g·m−2 glauconite (equivalent to 2 t·ha−1). The pH of the glauconitic-amended soil increases from an initial 6.0 to 6.34 during the second season. Organic matter and nitrates decrease in the soil mixture at the end of the second growing season, while the exchangeable ammonium increases. Organic acids promote the mobility and bioavailability of nutrients in the soil. Glauconitic soil is particularly effective for weakly acidic soils with a low moisture content. The steady increase in total yield and plant height, and the slow-release of nutrients during the second growing season indicates that glauconitic soil can be an effective and eco-friendly fertilizer.
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