The energy efficiency concept incorporates energy conservation and durability components involved in the operation of buildings and cost considerations pertaining to the manufacturing and installation of materials. Ceramic brickwork offers the highest reliability and durability category, is not combustible and in terms of these parameters has advantages over other insulated facade cladding systems. Improving the thermophysical properties of masonry made of calcined ceramic products is possible through the use of heat-efficient ceramics and, in particular, porous ceramic stones. It is notable that the use of combustible additives does not enable the uniform distribution of porosity across the material while the high ash content of some additives reduces the quality of the ceramic crock. In this connection, it was decided that the use of exfoliated vermiculite of up to 0.5 mm fraction would be reasonable. A completed experiment made it possible to establish the optimal density of exfoliated vermiculite and a methodology based on the correlation between the properties of ceramic-vermiculite products and consumption of exfoliated vermiculite and ceramic product calcination temperature.
The methods of disperse reinforcement of a concrete matrix with the help of fibers make it possible to manufacture structures of complex configuration and solve problems of frost resistance of products. Fiber replaces secondary reinforcement, reducing the volume of use of structural steel reinforcement. Cellular fibrous concrete is characterized by high performance properties, especially increased strength in bending and stretching, impact strength and crack resistance. As a reinforcing component, it is preferable to use mineral fibers or thin basalt fiber. The use of polyamide fiber is allowed, but there are difficulties in forming adhesive contacts between the fiber and the mineral matrix of cellular concrete. A feature of mineral fibers is that they are high adhesive to the cement matrix. One of the promising types of dispersed bulk reinforcement of lightweight concrete is the use of expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite can simultaneously be considered as a reinforcing component of a lamellar structure, as a component that reduces the density of the material and its thermal conductivity, as well as improves the fire protection performance. Expanded vermiculite can be used both in piece cladding products and as a part of dry warm and fire retardant plaster mixes.*
Insulation systems of building structures involve the solution of the following group of tasks: creation of favorable conditions for the work of structural elements and construction as a whole; optimization of heat losses through the insulation shell; creation of comfortable conditions in the room. Such a system would function normally if effective thermal insulation, including polyethylene, were used. The price of polyethylene foam can be reduced without prejudice to the properties in the case of the use of secondary polyethylene foam. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of polyethylene foam with the addition of secondary polyethylene, the formation of methods of selection of its composition and the development of systems for the application of products based on polyethylene foam. The article presents the main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows to significantly reducing the material and time costs of processing the results of the experiment. The article deals with aspects of the implementation of construction systems using products based on polyethylene foam in terms of minimizing heat loss through the contact areas. Mandatory criteria for the construction and implementation of insulation systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.
The article, on the example of pipeline insulation systems, outlines the fundamentals of the concept of environmentally sustainable construction, including requirements for materials, constructional systems in which these materials are used, engineering systems and work technologies. Insulation based on polyethylene foam technology of its installation meets the requirements of EcoMaterial Basis or EcoMaterial Green. Polyethylene is absolutely safe for humans and its base is polyethylene, which used in the food industry (packaging or boxing) and in medicine (prosthetics). A specific feature of polyethylene foam, like most types of foamed (gas-filled) plastic materials, is combustibility, expressed depending on the consumption and effectiveness of flame retardants, to one degree or another. During operation in the temperature range from -60 to +90 °C, the properties of materials are stable and no harmful emissions occur. The installation of the insulating sheath fixed by an glue method and is not associated with processes that are dangerous for humans and harmful to the environment. The article presents the main provisions of methods for calculating insulation systems based on polyethylene by measure of energy efficiency, which is defining, including the environmental assessment of insulation systems. The optimum thickness of polyethylene foam has been determined, as well as the recommended insulation thicknesses to ensure a given (safe for humans) temperature; to prevent moisture condensation on the surface of the insulating layer. An calculated time has been established during which thermal insulation prevents cold water from freezing when at an emergency stop of its movement in pipelines in the winter.
Various aspects of application of polyethylene foam implemented for roof thermal insulation within the frame of one of the sports venues and, closely, the realization of insulation systems for cold conservation on the territory of public sports facilities, particularly for snow storage conservation within ski resorts have been regarded in this article. Additional demands are placed on thermal insulating material for suchlike constructions. Apart from high thermo technical properties, the material should involve hermeticity, lightness, easy mounting and maintenance, durability, bacterial and fungal resistance and temperature differential resistance. The examination results concerning properties and particularities of application of non-cross-linked polyethylene foam within the scope of production of insulation coatings protecting the snow from melting are given in the article. It has been established that being the part of insulation system polyethylene foam preserves the accuracy of mechanical and thermo physical characteristics. Taking all functional particularities of insulation systems implementation into consideration, the principles of protection and conservation of snow covering have been developed being realized on the mountainsides and plateaus of ski resorts. Polyethylene foam rolls have been connected in a butt joint and mechanically fixed. As a result, a seamless insulating coating - thermal blanket has been formed, which covered the entire mountainside. Maintenance of insulation system is performed during the off-season between March and September in the period of stable positive temperatures.
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