Ledakan penyakit mosaik kuning yang disebabkan oleh Mungbean yellow mosaic India Begomovirus (MYMIV) terjadi pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) di Jawa pada 2008. Namun penyakit ini belum dilaporkan di daerah lainnya di Indonesia. Tanaman kedelai di Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Bantul, DI Yogyakarta, dan Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan menunjukkan gejala sistemik berupa mosaik kuning pada daun dengan tulang daun lebih gelap (vein banding) dan diduga terinfeksi MYMIV. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan metode polimerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan menggunakan primer spesifik MYMIV. Hasil amplifikasi menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 1000 pb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kedelai yang bergejala mosaik kuning dari Cirebon, Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, dan positif terinfeksi MYMIV. Hasil analisis homologi sikuen nukleotida tanaman kedelai yang terinfeksi MYMIV asal Cirebon mempunyai homologi yang tinggi (98.6-99.2 %) dengan MYMIV dari Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, dan Bogor yang menginfeksi tanaman kacang panjang. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa isolat MYMIV Cirebon berada satu kelompok dengan semua sikuen MYMIV di Indonesia dan Oman, namun terpisah dengan kelompok MYMIV dari Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan dan India. Sikuen isolat MYMIV Cirebon telah didaftarkan ke GenBank dengan nomor aksesi LC481009. Sebelumnya MYMIV dilaporkan pada kedelai di Jawa tahun 2013. Temuan ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi MYMIV pada kedelai di luar Jawa (Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan).
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is one of important virus which infects soybean and become an endemic disease since the first time reported in Java and Sumatra. Research was conducted to study the host range of CPMMV and to evaluate response of new type soybean varieties to CPMMV specific isolate. Host range study of CPMMV CR16 isolate was conducted by sap transmission method to 11 species of indicator plants, whereas evaluation of soybean response involved 10 varieties. The resistance response of soybean variety was based on incubation period, and of either the disease incidence or severity. Virus infection on test plants were confirmed by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific CPMMV antisera. The CPMMV CR16 isolate was able to infect systemically 8 plant species belongs to Leguminoceae, and Solancaeae; while the virus caused local infection on Amaranthaceae. All plant species infected systemically proved to become sources of inoculum for CPMMV when they used in back inoculation to soybean. Response of soybean varieties to CPMMV CR16 isolate can be categorized into susceptible (Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Anjasmoro, Wilis), moderated (Detam 4, Malika, Dena 1) and resistant (Argomulyo and Grobogan).
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) was reported causing systemic mottling, chlorotic blotch, and leaf malformation on cowpea from several tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. Recently, CPMMV infection was reported from several soybean growing areas in Indonesia with high incidence. The disease tends to spread and develop very rapidly. A field experiment at Bogor was conducted to study disease development caused by CPMMV and its impact on soybean cv yield. Wilis. Soybean field was infested by CPMVV at different infection levels, i.e., 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%. Virus indexing was done at two weeks interval by symptom observation and leaves collection for virus detection using dot immunobinding assay. Mild mottle symptoms were first shown 14 days after planting. The infection rate decreased with the increasing number of initial inoculums, whereas disease incidence increased with the growing number of initial inoculums. The infection of CPMMV caused a reduction of pods number and seed number, i.e., up to 18.81% and 30%, respectively.
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