The proteins encoded by rice black streaked dwarf fijivirus (RBSDV) genomic segments 7-10 (S7-S10) were characterized. Open reading frames (ORFs) from these segments were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. Antibodies raised against the expressed products were used as probes to determine whether the viral ORFs encode structural proteins. In Western blots, antibodies to the expressed S8 and S10 products reacted with a core capsid (65 kDa) and a major outer capsid (56 kDa) protein, respectively, while none of the antibodies to S7 and S9 products reacted with structural
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA : tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl) transferase (THT) is a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-amines, which are associated with cell wall fortification in plants. The cDNA encoding THT was cloned from the leaves of UV-C treated Capsicum annuum (hot pepper) using a differential screening strategy. The predicted protein encoded by the THT cDNA is 250 amino acids in length and has a relative molecular mass of 28,221. The protein sequence derived from the cDNA shares 76% and 67% identity with the potato and tobacco THT protein sequences, respectively. The recombinant pepper THT enzyme was purified using a bacterial overexpression system. The purified enzyme has a broad substrate specificity including acyl donors such as cinnamoyl-, sinapoyl-, feruloyl-, caffeoyl-, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA and acceptors such as tyramine and octopamine. In UV-C treated plants, the THT mRNA was strongly induced in leaves, and the elevated level of expression was stable for up to 36 h. THT mRNA also increased in leaves that were detached from the plant but not treated with UV-C. THT expression was measured in different plant tissues, and was constitutive at a similar level in leaf, root, stem, flower and fruit. Induction of THT mRNA was correlated with an increase in THT protein.
Nilaparvata lugens, called as brown planthoppers (BPH), is one of the important pests on rice. To identify the origin of Korean N. lugens, we completed the mitochondrial genome of N. lugens captured in Guangdong province, China. The circular mitogenome of N. lugens is 17,606 bp including 13 proteincoding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 2,424 bp. The base composition was AT-biased (89.5%). Ninety single nucleotide polymorphisms and ten insertions and deletions are identified by comparing with Korean N. lugens. Phylogenetic trees present that Guangdong may not be an origin of Korean BPH based on the distance of two mitochondrial genomes.
Nilaparvata lugens is one of important pests of rice causing severe damagein early September in Korea after migrating from China. We completed mitogenome of N. lugens captured in Korea. The circular mitogenome of N. lugens is 17,610 bp including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a 2424-bp-non-coding region. The base composition was AT-biased (89.5%). 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 59 insertions and deletions are identified by comparing with Chinese N. lugens. Phylogenetic trees presented an incongruence of topology in N. lugens clade, suggesting a need for further analyses to classify biotypes based on complete mitochondrial genomes.
A new Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain was isolated in Korea and designated as G7H. Its virulence on eight differentials and 42 Korean soybean cultivars was compared with existing SMV strains. G7H caused the same symptoms as G7 did on the eight differential cultivars. However, it caused different symptoms on the G7-immune Korean soybean cultivars; G7H caused necrosis in Suwon 97 (Hwangkeumkong) and Suwon 181 (Daewonkong), and a mosaic symptom in Miryang 41 (Duyoukong), while G7 caused only local lesions on those varieties. The nucleotide sequence of the cylindrical inclusion region of G7H was determined and compared with other SMV strains. G7H shared 96.3 and 91.3% nucleotide similarities with G2 and G7, respectively; whereas G7 shared 95.6% nucleotide similarity with G5H.
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