Modern management in sustainable agriculture requires the fast information about condition of cultivated plants and the quick response to undesirable phenomena such as appearance of pests. The use of drones for spraying plants will allow for rapid application of plant protection agents on the growing areas. In this paper were presented results of research into the impact of rotors rotary speed of moving drone on the spray deposition on plant surfaces. The liquid was sprayed from the drone with the use of the XR 11002 flat fan nozzle at the pressure 0.2 MPa. The drone moved on a track with the permanent speed of 1.3 m•s-1. The liquid sprayed, which was water coloured with nigrosin, settled on foil testers that were secured on three levels (the upper leaf surface, the middle part of the plant, the level of soil under plants) in mustard plants. The height of the sprayer nozzle mounted on the drone over the plants was 0.6 m. The tests were conducted at the zero speed of the rotors and at rotations of 1500 and 4000 revolutions•min-1. The impact was found of the rotational speed of the drone rotors on the change of the distribution of liquid settling on the testers.

Investigations were performed in relation to the thermal gasification of wood granulate using steam in an allothermal reactor with electric heaters. They studied the impact of the temperature inside the reactor and the steam flow rate on the percentage shares of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 in synthesis gas and on the calorific value of syngas. The tests were conducted at temperatures inside the reactor equal to 750, 800, and 850 °C and with a steam flow rate equal to 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 kg∙h−1. The intensity of gasified biomass was 20 kg∙h−1. A significant impact of the temperature on the percentages of all the components of synthesis gas and a significant impact of the steam flow rate on the content of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in syngas were found. The highest percentage of hydrogen obtained was 43.3%. The calorific value of the gas depended significantly on the temperature inside the reactor and the correlation between the temperature and the steam flow rate. Its maximum value was 13.3 MJ∙m−3 at 800 °C. This paper also includes an assessment of the mutual correlations of the percentage shares of the individual synthesis gas components.

Granulated beet pulp and wheat straw, first separately and then mixed in a weight ratio of 50/50%, underwent a pyrolysis process in a laboratory batch generator with process temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. The feedstock’s chemical composition and the pyrolysis products’ chemical composition (biochar and pyrolysis gas) were analysed. A synergistic effect was observed in the co-pyrolysis of the combined feedstock, which occurred as an increase the content of the arising gas in relation to the total weight of the products. and as a reduction of bio-oil content. The maximum gas proportion was 21.8% at 500 °C and the minimum between 12.6% and 18.4% for the pyrolysis of individual substrates at 400 °C. The proportions of the gases, including CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and O2, present in the resulting synthesis gases were also analysed. The usage of a higher pyrolysis final temperature strongly affected the increase of the CH4 and H2 concentration and the decrease of CO2 and CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. The highest percentage of hydrogen in the synthesis gas, around 33%vol, occurred at 500 °C during co-pyrolysis.

The study aimed to assess the quality of spraying of ornamental conifer using a multi-rotor drone. We examined how the speed of drone movement and the propellers’ spin speed can affect the deposition quality of the sprayed liquid in the crown of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). Due to the avoidance in the future of droplet drift by air movements, an air injector atomiser for liquid spraying was used, and a low altitude of 0.6 m of the drone flying above the tree was used in the study. The drone moved at two speeds: 0.57 m·s–1 and 0.94 m·s–1. The propellers’ spin speeds were adjusted based on the drone’s weight with the spray liquid tank filled and empty. The propellers’ zero-spin rate was also included to compare the drone to a field sprayer. The tests were conducted in a laboratory setting. Volume and uniformity of liquid volume settled on the levels of samplers positioned on a tripod within the tree canopy were assessed. The samplers were placed in two zones of the tree: near the tree trunk and at a distance of 0.21 m from the trunk. Airstream speed generated by drone propellers was also evaluated inside the tree. The findings indicated that the rotations of propellers and air speed significantly influenced the quality of liquid deposition on samplers located away from the trunk. The results also showed that using a drone instead of a field sprayer could benefit the quality of the spray application. The weight of the multi-rotor drone, determined by the spray liquid tank’s filling level, can significantly impact the quality of spray deposition in the tree. Based on the investigations, it can be recommended that low-altitude spraying drones be adopted for studies and future strategies in precision agriculture using autonomous inspection-spraying drones.

The paper presents prospects and examples of drone – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle use in road rescue. There was presented the Drone Road Rescue System, which would be created from combining drones used for road monitoring and traffic accident identification, drones for delivery of necessary equipment and drones for remote transportation of victims to the hospital. Based on the already existing solutions, the various components of the system are discussed.