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Small-sized drilling microchips become useful and efficient logging devices for distributed downhole temperature and pressure measurement. In this paper, new generation of temperature and pressure microchips are developed. Advanced technologies including micro-size wireless charging and light weight protective material have been used to improve reliability and durability as well as the recovery rate of the microchips. Tests have been conducted both in the laboratory and in the field for evaluation. During drilling operations, initialized microchips are dropped into the drill pipe while making pipe connections. The microchips travel downwards in the drill pipe and pass through the bit nozzle carried by the mudflow. Then microchips are pushed upwards in the annular section and are eventually recovered at the shale shaker. Distributed downhole parameters such as temperature and pressure measurements are recorded periodically in the memory of the microchip, which can be downloaded entirely after the recovery process. The lab test result shows the new generation microchip is able to work longer in lower power consumption under simulated extremely harsh conditions. By applying different light weight protective material, microchip can adjust its own density close to the mud density to make it easier for flowing upward in the annular section. This way the microchip recovery rate can be increased in the field. The field test results show an excellent correlation between the measurements and the pump flow rate. The wellbore in-situ temperature profile processed from the microchips could be of significant importance for optimizing cement formulation. Unlike other downhole measurement method, microchips provide valuable pressure and temperature data in front of the drill bit while drilling. It is an efficient diagnostic tool for identifying problems encountered in drilling process, such as seepage, lost circulation and local overheating. Microchip technology can be considered as an open distributing sensing platform for integrating other sensor units and creating downhole sensor networks, which will be a digital evolution to achieve internet of things (IoT) in oil and gas industry.
This paper introduces the implementation of hydro-efflux hammer as an effective rate of penetration (ROP) enhancement tool. In the test well, the target formations are mainly composed of dolomite, limestone and carbonate with hard and abrasive characteristics. In addition, the carvings caused by the unstable shale formation in the upper section result in an increased mud weight, and associated drilling difficulties and low penetration rate. The conventional drilling techniques including mud motor have not been effective in this scenario. By implementing a 9-inch hydro-efflux hammer to drilling across the given formations, a significant ROP enhancement was observed. The deployment was planned based on quantitative analysis of formation characteristics, a study on the correlation between the tool's performance parameters and formation anti-drillability parameters, and the well design. The rotary percussion drilling parameters, bottomhole assembly (BHA) and bit selection are optimized through impact resistance and bit aggressiveness analysis. The result showed an ROP enhancement of over 47% compared with the offset average, providing an effective alternative for similar applications.
First and secondgeneration drilling microchipsare compared side by side on design architecture, system components, sensors, output signal, build materials etc. Temperature microchips were field tested in an on-shore well. From the 20 deployed microchips, 6 passed through the bit nozzles and survived the drilling process without causing any downtime to the operation. The data recorded by different microchips showed excellent consistency over the downhole part of the trip, from inside of the drill pipe up the annulus to the surface. This is the first time that a drilling microchip was successfully deployed while drilling, and a complete set of data recorded throughout the entire trip from drill pipe, to the annulus, all the way to the flow line and shale shaker. The consistent results from the microchip provide valuable information for a wide range of drilling activities.
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