Drainage conditions are supposed to have significant influence on sand liquefaction behavior. An infiltration device was utilized in cyclic triaxial tests to reproduce different drainage conditions by altering dry density of the within silt. Permeability coefficient ratio (kp) was utilized for quantifying the drainage boundary effect. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated Fujian standard sand samples. Test results were used to evaluate the liquefaction potential by using the energy approach. It can be concluded that, if kp increases slightly bigger than zero, excess pore water pressure (EPWP) will respond more fiercely, and the dissipated energy that triggers sand liquefaction will be less. By considering kp, an energy-based database was built by taking kp into consideration and different neural network (NN) models were constructed to predict liquefaction potential by energy approaches accurately under different drainage boundary conditions. It was suggested that the neuro-fuzzy (NF)-based NN model has more satisfactory performance.
The temperature is a critical factor that determines the unfrozen water content and ice content in the frozen soil. In view of mechanical properties of the frozen soil depend on the volume of components of the four-phase systems, thus the temperature has a significant impact on the mechanical behaviors and deformation properties. The thermal state of the embankment in permafrost regions has a significant seasonal difference, then the seismic performance of the embankment alters with the season. In addition, the seismic performance is highly influenced by the properties of the earthquake motion, especially the seismic intensity. Combining these factors, a numerical simulation was conducted in this study. In this study, taking a typical section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway as an example, a numerical case study on the seismic behavior of embankment was carried out using the dynamic explicit FEM code ABAQUS/Explicit. The El Centro excitation with different intensities was performed in numerical analysis and two distinct thermal states of the embankment in extreme cold and warm days were considered as well. The seismic behaviors of the embankment, including the acceleration responses, the strain response, and the displacement response, were studied effectively. This paper proposes approaches and methods to study the seismic failure mechanism of the infrastructures, and the results can serve as a scientific basis for resisting earthquakes and preventing disasters in cold regions.
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