The observations were conducted on chernozem soil in a sugar-beet production region in . Six variants of organic amendment were examined: l -straw harvest, 2 -straw harvest + green manuring, 3 -straw incorporation, 4 -straw incorporation + green manuring, 5 -straw burning, 6 -straw burning till 1977 + intercrop, incorporation of farmyard manure at 10 t/ha since 1978. The effect of organic amendment on winter wheat continuous cropping was statistically significant. On average of the whole period (32 years), the highest yields were produced in variants with straw burning (var. 5) -6.04 t/ha and with green manuring (var. 2) -6.03 t/ha, and lower yields in variants with straw incorporation into soil (var. 3) -5.65 t/ha, (var. 4) -5.67 t/ha. The smallest differences between variants were found in the first decade of the experiment. Over time (in the second and third decades), the differences increased and positive effects of green manuring and straw burning and adverse effects of straw incorporation into soil increased. The yield level of winter wheat continuous cropping was high under the given conditions. The yield for the whole period of the experiment averaged 5.85 t/ha, the yields 5.19, 6.54 and 5.76 t/ha were obtained in the first, second and third decade, respectively.
Field experiments were conducted in the maize-growing region on heavy gleic fluvisol from 1974 to 2000. Three variants of straw management (straw harvested, incorporated into soil and burned), two variants of soil tillage (conventional plough tillage to 0.22 m, shallow disc tillage to 0.12-0.15 m) and three variants of fertilization (30, 60 and 90 kg N.ha -1 ) were studied. After conventional tillage, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with burned straw (5.50 t.ha -1 ), followed by the variant with straw incorporated into soil (5.40 t.ha -1 ) and the lowest after harvested straw (5.01 t.ha -1). At shallow tillage, lower yields were assessed in all variants of straw management in comparison with conventional tillage (after straw burning 5.07 t.ha -1 , incorporation into soil 4.66 t.ha -1 and harvest 4.54 t.ha -1 ). The ranking of variants was identical to that in inversion tillage; however, the yield increased more after straw burning in comparison with its incorporation into soil. Yields increased regularly along with increasing rates of nitrogen. If long-term effects of straw incorporation on yields and yield trends were evaluated (in comparison with straw harvest), statistically significant decrease in yields was assessed after shallow in contrast with increase in yields after deeper straw incorporation.
HOUŠŤ, M., PROCHÁZKOVÁ, B., HLEDÍK, P.: Eff ect of diff erent tillage intensity on yields and yield-forming factors in winter wheat. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 5, pp. 89-96 The paper presents results of a study on application of minimum tillage technologies when growing winter wheat. Experiments were performed in the sugar-beet-growing region with loamy chernozem within the period of [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. Aanalysed and evaluated were eff ects of diff erent methods of soil processing on yield-forming factors in stands of winter wheat grown a er three diff erent preceding crops (i.e. alfalfa, maize for silage and pea). Evaluated were the following four variants of tillage: The eff ect of diff erent tillage intensity on winter wheat yields was statistically non-signifi cant a er all forecrops. A er alfalfa, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded in Variant 2 (i.e. with ploughing to the depth of 0.15 m) and Variant 3 (direct sowing into the untilled soil), respectively. A er maize grown for silage, higher yields were obtained in Variant 2 and Variant 1 (conventional ploughing) while in Variants 4 and 3 the obtained yields were lower. When growing winter wheat a er pea as a preceding crop, the highest and the lowest average yields were recorded a er direct sowing (Variant 3) and in Variant 1 (i.e. ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m), respectively. Results of studies on eff ect of diff erent tillage technologies on yields of winter wheat crops indicate that under the given pedological and climatic conditions it is possible to apply methods of reduced tillage intensity. However, the choice of the corresponding technology must be performed with regard to the type of preceding crop.tillage, winter wheat, yields, yield-forming factors Tillage and soil processing belong to those basic agrotechnical measures that signifi cantly contribute to yield formation of cultivated fi eld crops. The mechanical processing of soil is also an important tool when controlling or killing weeds, pests and plant diseases. The main task of tillage is to create favourable conditions for growth and development of plants and for a proper course of various processes taking place in soil. The mechanical processing changes the generall physical condition of soil, which determines aeration of soil and also its hydraulic, thermal and biological properties. Opinions concerning proper methods and technologies of soil processing are continuously developing and changing.Nowadays, technologies of minimum tillage are considered worldwide as an important alternative of conventional methods of soil processing based on ploughing. In the Czech Republic, research studies on the application of minimum and zero tillage technologies have a long-standing tradition. The most important expansion and application of these technologies took place a er the year 1990 and it is estimated by many experts that at present they are used on more than 40 % of arable land. Main reasons of this expansion and develop...
HANDLÍŘOVÁ MARTINA, PROCHÁZKOVÁ BLANKA, SMUTNÝ VLADIMÍR. 2016. Yields of Selected Catch Crops in Dry Conditions. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(4): 1139-1148.Catch crops mainly reduce soil erosion and leaching of nutrients as well as enrich the soil organic matter. The aim of this research is to evaluate the yields of catch crops of Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Fagopyrum esculentum, Carthamus tinctorius and Secale cereale v. multicaule, and thus determine the possible applicability of catch crops in areas with high average annual temperature and low precipitation totals. The small-plot field experiment was performed on clay-loam gleyic fluvisol at the Field Experimental Station in Žabčice, Southern Moravia, Czech Republic, within the period of 2006-2014. The catch crops were set up after winter wheat in mid-August. The results have shown a statistically significant difference among different catch crops in yield of dry matter and even among years. The yield of catch crops is mainly dependent on a sufficient supply of water in the soil and the appropriate amount and distribution of rainfall over the growing season. Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia regularly reached the highest yields. High yields were also achieved with Fagopyrum esculentum. Due to the method of crop rotation in the Czech Republic, with a predominance of Brassica napus var. napus, it is inappropriate to include Sinapis alba. It is the best to grow Phacelia tanacetifolia and even Fagopyrum esculentum, or a mixture thereof, depending on the use of catch crops.
DUBEC, J., KŘEN, J., PROCHÁZKOVÁ, B., DRYŠLOVÁ, T., DOVRTĚL, J.: Comparison of humus balance methods in relation with yields of monoculture spring barley. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 29-40 Long term stationary field experiments with continuous spring barley were conducted in the maizegrowing region on heavy gleic fluvisol from 1974 to 2002. Two variants of straw management (straw harvested and incorporated into soil), two variants of soil tillage (conventional plough tillage to 0.22 m, shallow disc tillage to 0.12-0.15 m) and three variants of fertilization (30, 60 and 90 kg. N ha -1 ) were studied. The results of organic matter balance in the examinated period according to particular methods were related to trends of real humus content which is presented in C ox in particular experiment variants. The examinated method by LEITHOLD et al. (1997), used in model Repro, answers most accurate in given conditions according to hypothesys defined in scientific literature. On the base of this result we can confirm significancy of the result. Other verification of method is appropriate for its using in real conditions in context of agricultural sustainability assesment. Změny ekonomických podmínek jsou úzce spjaty se změnami struktury rostlinné a živočišné produkce. Počet zemědělských podniků bez živočišné produkce nebo podniků s živočišnou produkcí, ale bez potřeby slámy v České republice vzrůstá. Rovněž dochází ke zúžení spektra pěstovaných kulturních plodin a k vý-znamnému nárůstu podílu obilnin. Nedostatek statkových hnojiv a nezbytnost udržení půdní úrodnosti dodávkou organických látek vede k potřebě hnojení slámou.Problematikou vlivu hospodaření se slámou a zpracování půdy na výnosy jarního ječmene a aspekty půdní úrodnosti se zabývala celá řada autorů (ELEN,
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