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In competitive electricity markets, the growth of electricity generated by renewable sources will reduce the market price of electricity assuming marginal cost pricing. However, small renewable distributed generation (RDG) alone cannot modify the formation of electricity prices. By aggregating small RDG units into a Virtual Power Plants (as a single unit market) they are capable of dealing at the wholesale electricity market analogous to large-scale producer following in changes in wholesale prices. This paper investigates the socioeconomic impacts of different type of RDG technologies on Spanish economic sectors and households. To this end, we applied an input-output price model to detail the activities more sensitive to changes in electricity price due to RDG technologies deployment and the associated modifications in income and total output associated with the households’ consumption variation. Detailed Spanish electricity generation disaggregation of the latest available Spanish Input-Output table, which refers to 2015, was considered. It was found that the integration of RDG units in the electricity market project a better situation for the economy and Spanish households. This paper’s scope and information can be used to benefit decision-making with respect to electricity pricing policies.

This article analyses patterns of income inequality and its determinants in the countries of Latin America in the period 2004-2013. First, income distribution in several countries is determined using the Theil index and is found to have decreased over the study period. An econometric panel data model is then employed to study the determinants of the level of inequality. Per capita GDP, per capita health spending, tax pressure, the poverty rate, the literacy rate and years of schooling are found to be statistically significant variables in explaining inequality. Multivariate techniques are then used to group the countries by level of inequality, thereby establishing a classification in terms of ability to reduce inequality.

Este trabajo procura analizar las pautas de la desigualdad de renta y los factores determinantes de su evolución en países de América Latina durante el período 2004-2013. Inicialmente, se determina la desigualdad en el reparto del ingreso en algunos países de América Latina mediante el índice de Theil y se observa que en la mayoría de ellos la desigualdad ha disminuido en el período considerado. Asimismo, se propone un modelo econométrico de datos de panel para estudiar los factores determinantes del nivel de desigualdad. El PIB per cápita, el gasto sanitario per cápita, la presión fiscal, la tasa de pobreza, la tasa de alfabetización y los años de estudio son variables estadísticamente significativas para explicar la desigualdad. Se aplican técnicas multivariantes con el objeto de clasificar los países considerados en grupos, según el nivel de desigualdad, estableciéndose una clasificación de acuerdo con su posición para disminuir el nivel de inequidad.

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