Determinants of income inequality reduction in the Latin American countries

Carvajal, Carmen Ramos; Rodríguez, Mercedes Alvargonzález; Cuartas, Blanca Moreno

doi:10.18356/e8776292-en

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Throughout Latin America, inequality is still a significant social problem. (Carvajal et al, 2019) examined developments in income inequality and its causes in Latin American nations in the period from 2004 to 2013. A panel regression model was applied to determine the factors that contribute to inequality.…”

Section: The Literature Review Connecting the Variables Of The Study ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of income inequality: Empirical evidence from Latin American countries

نوار¹,

العربى²

2023

مجلة البحوث الإداریة

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Income inequality is considered one of the major concerns to a lot of governments worldwide. The current paper is examining the impact of the foreign direct investment inflows, elderly population, unemployment rate, expenditures on education and trade openness on Income inequality in (11) Latin American economies. The paper used a balanced panel data approach covering the period from 2000 to 2019. The main hypothesis of the paper that trade openness and the unemployment rate have a positive impact on Gini Coefficient; while the foreign direct investment and expenditure on education have a negative effect on Gini Coefficient. The paper found a significant negative impact of expenditure on education and elderly population on Gini coefficient; where a positive significant impact was found between trade openness and unemployment rates on Gini coefficient. The paper also found no significant impact between FDI and Gini Coefficient.

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Section: The Literature Review Connecting the Variables Of The Study ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of income inequality: Empirical evidence from Latin American countries

نوار¹,

العربى²

2023

مجلة البحوث الإداریة

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the financial crisis beginning in the late 1990s, which resulted in the decision in 2000 to adopt the US dollar as the country’s official currency, Ecuador has enacted multiple economic and social reforms aimed at improving institutional reliability, expanding the economy and distributing wealth more evenly to reduce economic inequality (Ramos-Carvajal et al , 2018). Dollarization was successful in stabilizing the financial crisis in 2000.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-based characteristics of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in an emerging country: is this a man’s world?

Riofrío

Lupton

Camino‐Mogro

et al. 2021

JEEE

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Purpose Worldwide, Ecuador is one of the countries with the most entrepreneurial activity from micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). However, the effect of adopting the US dollar (dollarization), over which the central bank has no control, combined with being mainly an exporter of primary products, as well as strategic currency devaluation by neighboring economies, has created a difficult situation, especially for Ecuadorian women’s MSMEs. This paper aims to study the relationship between female ownership and Ecuadorian MSMEs’ financial, economic and social outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The authors compile a near-population panel of 617,804 firm-year observations representing an unbalanced panel of 112,917 MSMEs during the 2007–2016 sampling window. Panel (fixed effects) regression is used to test the hypotheses concerning the antecedents to firm financial performance, economic and social outcomes. Cox proportional hazards modeling is used to assess the impact of antecedents on firm survival. Findings First, firms providing more social benefits (e.g. employment and higher wages) have higher survival rates. Second, female ownership is negatively related with microenterprise financial performance, but positively associated with small-enterprise financial performance. Third, female-owned enterprises tend to provide higher wages per employee for all firm sizes. Fourth, although female-owned microenterprises are less efficient, they tend to provide more for their employees and possibly communities, through the economic stimulus they provide, in terms of the size of the financial outcomes. Originality/value This paper shows that, although this is a “man’s world,” women are learning earlier, developing faster professionally and overcoming stereotypes to focus on activities that generate both economic performance and social outcomes. Governmental policies that have contributed to MSMEs’ growth and women’s participation are identified. The findings suggest ways to improve and support both the creation of more women-owned MSMEs in emerging countries, such as Ecuador, and the survival of existing male- and female-owned MSMEs.

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Determinants of income inequality reduction in the Latin American countries

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

The Determinants of income inequality: Empirical evidence from Latin American countries

The Determinants of income inequality: Empirical evidence from Latin American countries

Gender-based characteristics of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in an emerging country: is this a man’s world?

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