Solow (1956) has made an essential contribution to the Neo-classical growth approach through the economic convergence hypothesis. It assumes that poorer countries' or regions' per capita incomes tend to grow at faster rates than the richer ones. Convergence could occur either among a group of economies with the same steady states or within regions in which their fundamental dynamics differ, and thus they exhibit multiple steady states. This study aims to investigate convergence with respect to GDP per capita across NUTS 2 regions in Turkey for the time period 2004-2014. In the convergence process, we also inquire into role of government in terms of regional government investments and fixed investment incentives. All the empirical results confirm the validity of the convergence hypothesis at a regional level. Also, in the context of the convergence process, it is possible to conclude that the role of government is likely to be decisive in solving regional economic disparities.
The concept of “Systemic competitiveness” takes its fundamental from subject of economic development and industrialization. This term generally describes factors which enables individual companies becoming competitive. Traditional economic development approach analyzes the concept of competition in micro and macro level. However, in the systemic competitiveness approach, stable micro and macro framework is not enough to ensure competition although it’s necessary. Therefore, the concept of competition should be examined in four levels which are “micro”, “macro”, “meso”, “meta” for a healthy development. Another aspect that differentiates the approach of systemic competition from the concept of traditional competition is systemic competition benefits from different disciplines such as innovation economics, business economics, management, economics and industrial sociology in the analyses. The purpose of this study is to summarize the conceptual framework for the concept of systemic competitiveness in a systematic way and observe the sample of countries.
İktisadi girdilerin daha üretken bir şekilde kullanımını ifade eden verimlilik kavramı, uzunca bir süredir, gelir ve refah düzeyinin iyileştirilmesi çabalarında önemli bir kaynak olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ülkelerarası gelir ve ekonomik büyüme farklılıklarının önemli bir kısmının verimlilikte ortaya çıkan farklılıklardan kaynaklandığı söylenebilir (Hall ve Jones, 1999: 83; Dünya Bankası, 2000: 1). Verimlilik kavramı iktisat alanında çok sayıda teorik ve ampirik çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak Solow (1956) tarafından büyüme modeline teknolojik değişimin bir ölçütü olarak dâhil edilen verimlilik kavramı, modelde dışsal bir süreç olarak ele alınmıştır. Bunu takiben Solow (1957), çıktı artışının faktör birikimindeki ve verimlilikteki artışlara bağlı olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Bu yaklaşıma göre emek, sermaye veya doğal kaynakları içerisine alan sabit bir faktör girdi bileşiminin kullanıldığı üretimdeki artışlar, teknolojik ilerleme ya da başka bir deyişle verimlilikteki iyileşmeler sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Literatürde "Solow artığı" olarak da bilinen verimlilik kavramına iktisadi büyüme kapsamında atfedilen bu öneme rağmen verimliliğin kaynaklarının tam olarak açıklanmaması, kavramın o dönemde kapalı bir
In recent years, human capital, R&D activities and innovation have an important place in both empirical studies related with economic growth and new growth models. In this context, it is drawn that innovations frequently arising from R&D activities are the main engine of the new economy, while productivity-based positive relationship between human capital and economic growth of the countries is emphasized by a variety of evidence. This paper empirically investigates the impact of human capital, R&D and innovation on economic growth in context of G8 countries. Indicators used in analyze covering the period 1998-2012 are gross domestic product per capita, public spending on education, population with tertiary education between aged 25-64, total public and private sector R&D expenditures and international patent grants. Such relationships were analyzed by using the panel data method for the 8 cross-sectional units and 15 year long period. The results indicate that impact of both human capital and innovation on economic growth is signifanctly positive. Furthermore, results show that the total public and private sector R&D expenditure has a negative effect on economic growth while its coefficient statistically insignificant. Latter result obtained from analyze also contribute to discussions about the roles of patents and public funding or public performed R&D in economic growth.
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