BackgroundCarapa procera is a native oil tree species with multipurpose values traditionally exploited by the local population in Southern Mali. This study focused on the assessment of local knowledge about the use of Carapa procera.MethodsSemi-structured ethnobotanical questionnaires were conducted among the ethnic groups Senufo, Fulani and Bambara in two localities in the Sudanian zone in Mali. Use values among these ethnic groups and gender were evaluated.ResultsThis study showed that Carapa procera is a species with multiple uses and high use values. According to the consensus value for plant parts (CPP), the nuts constituted 57% of exploited plant parts followed by bark and leaves (12%), wood and roots (7%), mistletoes (4%) and gum (1%). The use diversity (UD) values of Carapa procera showed a high proportion of cosmetic (UD = 0.49) and therapeutic (UD = 0.36) uses. The UD for therapeutic uses was higher for ethnic groups in Ziékorodougou than in Niankorobougou. In contrast, the UD for cosmetic uses was higher for ethnic groups in Niankorobougou than in Ziékorodougou. Comparative analysis between ethnic groups revealed that the highest UD for cosmetic uses (0.63) was observed in the Bambara ethnic group, whereas the highest UD for therapeutic uses (0.39) was obtained in the Senufo ethnic group. The UD showed that cosmetic uses were higher for women than for men in both locations. Men in Ziékorodougou had the highest level of knowledge regarding plant parts used, forms of use and the specific reasons for using Carapa procera.ConclusionThis study highlighted the sociocultural importance of Carapa procera. In the light of its multipurpose uses, the promotion and enhancement of Carapa procera can provide significant socio-economic benefits to local people. In this perspective, it is necessary to implement conservation strategies and sustainable management through domestication of the species.
Carapa procera is a wild oil tree species traditionally exploited in Mali for seed oil. Carapa oil is highly sought because of therapeutic, cosmetic, insecticidal and repellent properties. The purpose of this work was to contribute to the understanding of local practices in C. procera oil production and local perceptions related thereto. The method used was based on surveys in four production localities and tests of oil production according to the traditional processes practiced by the processors. Two methods of seed storage and oil extraction processes were identified. Women were the main actors in seed collection and oil processing. The average oil extraction efficiency from the seeds was 23.1% and varied among sites. The wet extraction process was the most efficient. In addition to socio-cultural considerations, difficulties related to technology (lack of adequate extraction equipment) and the decrease of carapa populations limit the full development of processing activities. It is necessary to undertake options to improve traditional oil production processes such as education and introduction of shea presses in order to reduce labour intensity, improve efficiency and ensure quality standards. It also requires action for the sustainable management and conservation of the carapa species.
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