excessively cold sensations. [5] In contrast, hydrophobic textiles such as polyester can repel water on the outside, [6] but are useless against sweat on the inside. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to improve the sweat transport through textiles, such as doublelayer hydrophobic/hydrophilic fabrics, [7] cotton fabrics printed with fluorocarbonbased hydrophobic finishes, [8] trilayered polyurethane/ (polyurethane-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 )/ hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile-SiO 2 fibrous membranes, [9] and biomimetic fibrous Murray membrane. [10] However, not much attention was paid to the dissipation of heat during the sweat transporting process. Since textiles thermal insulation can decrease, and the amount of reduction varies from 2 to 8% as related to water accumulation within textiles, [11] even resulting in hypothermia. Therefore, the development of a new functional textile to achieve efficient sweat transport and prevent undesired excessive cold is urgently needed.Directional water transport is a common phenomenon widely found in nature. [12] For example, spider silk with periodic conical spindle knots can drive water droplets toward spindle knots, [13] cactus spines can transport water directionally due to the curvature gradient on the surface of the spine, [14] and shorebirds can transport prey-laden water droplets toward their mouth by opening and closing their beaks. [15] These interesting phenomena of directional water transport originate from their unique asymmetric gradient structures. Therefore, construction of an asymmetric surface structure may be a method for designing functional textiles with effective sweat transport capability.Herein, we fabricated a hydrophobic/superhydrophilic Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile with asymmetric hydrophilic conical micropores for directional liquid transport by a simple laser perforation method (Figure 1). This Janus polyester/ nitrocellulose textile can unidirectionally pump the excessive sweat from the hydrophobic layer to the superhydrophilic layer through asymmetric hydrophilic conical micropores from large to small (LTS) openings, thereby avoiding undesired sticky and excessive cold sensations from sweat. This study provides new information for the development of functional textiles that effectively manage excess sweat for comfortable skin microenvironments.A Janus polyester/nitrocellulose membrane is a kind of commercially available material that is widely used in microfluidic Excessive sweat secreted from the skin often causes undesired adhesion from wetted textiles and cold sensations. Traditional hydrophilic textiles such as cotton can absorb sweat but retain it. A hydrophobic/ superhydrophilic Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile embedded with a conical micropore array with a hydrophilic inner surface that can achieve directional liquid transport (with an ultrahigh directional water transport capability of 1246%) and maintain human body temperature (2-3 °C higher than with cotton textiles) is demonstrated. When the hydr...

A sensitive nucleic acid detection platform based on superhydrophilic microwells spotted on a superhydrophobic substrate is fabricated. Due to the wettability differences, ultratrace DNA molecules are enriched and the fluorescent signals are amplified to allow more sensitive detection. The biosensing interface based on superwettable materials provides a simple and cost-effective way for ultratrace DNA sensing.

Background: In the 1990s, China introduced a "free" tuberculosis (TB) care policy under the national TB control program. Recently, as a part of a new TB diagnosis and treatment model, it has been recommended that the integrated model scale up. This paper examines whether or not TB designated hospitals in the selected project sites have provided TB care according to the national and local guidelines, and analyzes the actual practices and expenditures involved in completing TB treatment. It also explores the reasons why "free" TB care in China cannot be effectively implemented under the integrated model. Methods:This study was conducted in three counties of Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province. Mixed methods were used, which comprised reviewing the national and local TB control guidelines, conducting TB patient surveys, collecting TB inpatient and outpatient hospital records, and conducting qualitative interviews with stakeholders. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis across counties and in order to compare patients who received only outpatient care and those who received both outpatient and inpatient care. The chi-square test and analysis of variance were performed where necessary. Qualitative data were analyzed using the framework approach. Results: Although the national TB care guidelines recommend outpatient care as a basis for TB treatment in China, we found high hospital admission rates for TB patients ranging from 39 % in Yangzhong county to 83 % in Dantu county. Almost all outpatient TB patients paid for lab tests and over 80 % paid for liver protection drugs and around 70 % paid for image examinations. These three components accounted for three-quarters of the total outpatient expenditure. For patients who received only outpatient care, the total expenditure upon completion of TB treatment was on average 1,135 Chinese yuan. For patients who received outpatient and inpatient care, the total expenditure upon completion of TB treatment was 11,117 Chinese yuan. Conclusion:The "free" TB care policy under the integrated model has not been effectively implemented in China. There has been substantial spending on non-recommended services, examinations, and drugs for TB treatment.

Conventional adhesives often encounter interfacial failure in humid conditions due to small droplets of water condensed on surface, but spider silks can capture prey in such environment. Here a robust spider‐silk‐inspired wet adhesive (SA) composed of core–sheath nanostructured fibers with hygroscopic adhesive nanosheath (poly(vinylpyrrolidone)) and supporting nanocore (polyurethane) is reported. The wet adhesion of the SA is achieved by a unique dissolving–wetting–adhering process of core–sheath nanostructured fibers, revealed by in situ observations at macro‐ and microscales. Further, the SA maintains reliable adhesion on wet and cold substrates from 4 to −196 °C and even tolerates splashing, violent shaking, and weight loading in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C), showing promising applicability in cryogenic environments. This study will provide an innovative route to design functional wet adhesives.

Wearable devices have attracted a lot of attention because of their importance in the biomedical and electronic fields. However, as one of the important fixing materials, skin adhesives with controlled adhesion are often ignored. Although remarkable progress has been achieved in revealing the natural adhesion mechanism and biomimetic materials to complex solid surfaces, it remains a great challenge to explore nonirritant, controlled skin adhesives without surface structure. Herein, we present skin-adhesive patches of polydimethylsiloxanes (SAPs) with controlled adhesion by simply modulating polymer chain mobility at the molecular level. The controlled adhesion of SAPs strongly depends on the proportion of polymer chains with different mobility exposed to the solid surface, including free chains, dangling chains, and cross-linking chains. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the SAP can act as a skin-friendly fix to monitor the human pulse by integrating with the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene)/ reduced graphene oxide (P(VDF-TrFE)@rGO) nanofiber sensor. This study provides a clue to design durable and skin-friendly adhesives with controlled adhesion for wearable devices.

Inspired by natural ciliary movement, artificial cilia systems have recently been developed to transport microparticles and target biomolecules by the external stimuli-induced bend and twist. However, the directional transportation of cargo meets a major challenge. Here, we present an artificial asymmetric cilia array of dielectric elastomer and realize the cargo directional transportation under alternating-current (ac) electric field. Such a dielectric elastomer is composed of elastomer matrix and dielectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles, which can be polarized under an ac electric field and results in the swinging of artificial elastomer cilia. The asymmetry of the cilia endows themselves with the capability of asymmetric recovery stroke, which is essential for directional transportation of cargo. Transporting performance is also optimized by adjusting the applied frequencies and voltages. This study may provide a new clue to construct functional “smart” devices in electromechanical systems and biomedicine.

Background In settings such as China, where universal implementation of directly observed therapy (DOT) is not feasible, innovative approaches are needed to support patient adherence to TB treatment. The electronic medication monitor (EMM) is one of the digital technologies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), but evidence from implementation studies remains sparse. In this study, we evaluated acceptance of the EMM among health care workers and patients while implementing the device for differential TB patient management at the community level. Methods Zhenjiang City in Jiangsu Province was purposively selected for the study. All participating patients were allowed to select their preferred management approach. If patients declined to use the EMM, DOT was offered. The EMM was designed to hold 1 month of anti-TB drugs for once-daily dosing of fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets. Patient EMM records were monitored monthly by a physician; if 20 to 50% of doses were missed twice, or more than 50% of doses were missed once, the patient was switched to DOT. The four physicians and five nurses involved in the study at four designated hospitals were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to assess their acceptance of the EMM. Results From October 2017 through January 2018, 316 pulmonary TB patients were notified in the TB information management system, and 231 (73.1%) met the study enrollment criteria. Although 186 patients (80.5%) initially consented to use the EMM, 17 later refused to use it. Among the 169 patients who used the EMM, 15 (8.9%) were switched to DOT due to poor adherence, and the other 154 completed the treatment course. The median adherence rate was 99.3%. Surveyed health care workers from designated hospitals found the EMM acceptable, although eight of nine felt use of the device moderately increased their workload. However, the EMM program significantly reduced the workload of community physicians by reducing patient visits by 87.9%. Conclusions This study demonstrated the acceptability of using an indigenously developed EMM for differential management of TB patients at the community level. However, more operational research should be conducted before introducing and scaling the technology throughout China.

Background and aimsImpaired behavioral inhibitory control (BIC) is known to play a crucial role in addictive behavior. However, research has been inconclusive as to whether this is also the case for cybersex addiction. This study aimed to investigate the time course of BIC in male individuals with tendencies towards cybersex addiction (TCA) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and to provide neurophysiological evidence of their deficient BIC.MethodsThirty-six individuals with TCA and 36 healthy controls (HCs) were given a Two-Choice Oddball task that required them to respond differently to frequent standard stimuli (images of people) and infrequent deviant stimuli (pornographic images) within 1,000 ms. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded as the participants performed the task.ResultsDespite the similarity of standard stimuli between the groups in terms of reaction times (RTs), the RTs of the TCA group to deviant stimuli were much slower than those of the HC group. The behavioral difference was accompanied by group differences in the averaged amplitudes of N2 (200–300 ms) and P3 (300–500 ms) components in the deviant-standard difference wave. More specifically, compared to the HC group, the TCA group demonstrated smaller N2 and P3 amplitude differences for deviant than standard stimuli.Discussion and conclusionsIndividuals with TCA were more impulsive than HC participants and shared neuropsychological and ERP characteristics of substance use disorder or behavioral addictions, which supports the view that cybersex addiction can be conceptualized as a behavioral addiction.