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A rapid, specific and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of isofraxidin, rosmarinic acid and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide in rat plasma using warfarin as an internal standard (IS). Separation was conducted on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C column with linear gradient elution using methanol and water. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. All analytes exhibited good linearity within their concentration ranges (r > 0.9990). The lower limits of quantitations of isofraxidin, rosmarinic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were 1.31, 0.67 and 0.92 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions of these investigated components exhibited an RSD within 11.7%, and the accuracy ranged from -12.5 to 15.0% at all QC levels. The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of isofraxidin, rosmarinic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide in rats after oral administration of Herba Sarcandrae Extract.

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The close relationships of miRNAs with human diseases highlight the urgent needs for miRNA detection. However, the accurate detection of a target miRNA in mixed miRNAs of high sequence homology presents a great challenge. Herein, a novel method called target-protection rolling circle amplification (TP-RCA) is proposed for this purpose. The protective probe is designed so that it can form a fully complementary duplex with the target miRNA and can also mismatch duplexes with other nontarget miRNAs. These duplexes are treated with a single strand-specific nuclease. Consequently, only the target miRNA in a perfect-match duplex can resist the cleavage of nuclease, whereas the nontarget miRNAs in mismatched duplexes will be digested completely. The protected target miRNA can be detected using RCA reactions. MicroRNA let-7 family members (let-7a–let-7f) and nuclease CEL I were used as proof-of-concept models to evaluate the feasibility of the TP-RCA method under different experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the TP-RCA method can unambiguously detect the target let-7 species in mixtures of let-7 family members even though they may differ by only a single nucleotide. This TP-RCA method significantly improves the detection specificity of miRNAs.

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This study aimed to analyze the relationship of the occlusal support together with the lower third molars to the mandibular fractures of the angle and condyle among patients in our medical institutions. This was a retrospective study that reviewed the medical records and radiographs of all patients treated for mandibular fractures from 2015 to 2019. The data collected by using picture archiving and communicating system. Only records with mandibular angle or condyle fractures were included. The dependent variable was the presence of the fractures of the mandibular angle or condyle. The independent variables were epidemiological data, third molar characteristics, existence or absence of occlusal support. The data was analyzed through Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. From a total of 187 mandibular fractures, 44 presented mandibular angle fracture and 29 shown condyle fractures. The average age was 40.34 ± 13.47 years. The absence of occlusal support increased the chance of condyle fractures by 5.1 times (95% CI 1.61–17.29). The lack of occlusal support is more associated with condyle fractures than the presence of occlusal support, regardless of third molar presence and characteristics and other variables evaluated.

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