The graphite encapsulated α-Fe particles were prepared by reduction of stage-2 and stage-3 FeCl 3 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) with metallic potassium. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation show that the reduction products of stage-2 FeCl 3 -GICs contains more abundant α-Fe nanoparticles than those of stage-3. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) observation reveals that the nanoparticle of α-Fe was polycrystals or twins, which was real or quasi two-dimension in shape, and whose space orientation was strictly controlled by the graphene. Based on the experiment results, a possible growth model of the graphite encapsulated α-Fe was proposed.
Copper nanoplates embedded in a graphite gallery were obtained by in situ reduction of stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 CuCl 2 -graphite intercalation compound precursors. The characterization results indicated that the morphology of the copper species was that of a 2-dimensional or quasi-2-dimensional nanoplate in the graphite gallery. Interaction between the metallic nanoplates and graphene sheet was also detected. The hexagonal graphene network restricted the crystallization orientation of the copper nanoparticles, and, at the same time, the finite space between the graphene sheets prevented the increase of the thickness. This method would provide a convenient route to synthesize or assemble 2-dimensional metal nanoplates.
Several kinds of Tungstophosphates of Heteropoly Compounds (TPHC) with different compositions and the same structure were synthesized using the method of solid-phase reaction to change the mol ratio of Na 4 P 2 O 7 10H 2 O, WO 3 and Na 2 WO 4 2H 2 O. TPHC, as a catalyst, was used in oxidative desulfurization of diesel. The results show that TPHC has catalytic activity. With THPC existing, the highest desulfurization rate reaches 51.85%, 32.6% higher than that yield without TPHC. And the desulfurization rate increases with decreasing WO 3 . FT-IR spectra of TPHC shows that the catalytic activity is related to the activity of end oxygen(O d ).The more active O d is, the stronger the capability of obtaining or losing electron is. It means that TPHC has a good catalytic activity. FT-IR spectra of TPHC indicates that desulfurization rate is in linear correlation with d a W-O P-O I is intensity of P-O a vibration band) and correlation coefficient reaches 0.965.
By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol‐gel method, exfoliated graphite‐TiO2 composite (EG‐TiO2) can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG‐TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil‐adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation‐adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG‐TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight‐loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG‐TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG‐TiO2 has three‐dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.
Carbon nanotube encapsulated nickel nanorods were catalytic grown via pyrolysis of oil on a bulk nickel wire substrate. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the as-prepared sample. The results show that, carbon nanotubes possess several microns in length, the filled metallic nickel nanorods with a uniform diameter of 35 nm were tightly encapsulated by the carbon capsules. The detailed formation mechanism for the carbon nanotubes encapsulated nickel nanorods were discussed briefly.
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