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Background/Aims: Infection of implanted hardware after deep brain stimulation (DBS) has a significant impact on patient morbidity. We examined all patients who underwent DBS procedures over the last 9 years in our centre to assess the infection rate and possible factors related to surgery that may predispose to infection. Methods: Surgical reports and clinical notes were reviewed in 273 consecutive patients who underwent a total of 519 DBS-related procedures in our institute between November 2002 and September 2011. Results: Sixteen separate hardware-related infections occurred in 11 patients. Infections occurred in 3% of all procedures and 4% of all patients. The infection rate after implantable pulse generator (IPG) replacement surgery was more than three times higher than after de novo DBS surgery. In addition, male patients were more likely to develop device-related infections. Conclusions: It is unclear why infection rates should be more than three times higher after IPG replacement surgery than after the de novo procedure. The former is a shorter and simpler procedure to conduct. Perhaps the use of better antimicrobial protection and rechargeable batteries may be useful strategies to reduce infections following IPG revision surgery.

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Object The aim of this study was to design a checklist with a scoring system for reporting on studies of surgical interventions for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and to validate it by a review of the recent literature. Methods A checklist with a scoring system, the Surgical Trigeminal Neuralgia Score (STNS), was devised partially based on the validated STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria and customized for TN after a literature review and then applied to a series of articles. These articles were identified using a prespecified MEDLINE and Embase search covering the period from 2008 to 2010. Of the 584 articles found, 59 were studies of interventional procedures for TN that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 56 could be obtained in full. The STNS was then applied independently by 3 of the authors. Results The maximum STNS came to 30, and was reliable and reproducible when used by the 3 authors who performed the scoring. The range of scores was 6–23.5, with a mean of 14 for all the journals. The impact factor scores of the journals in which the papers were published ranged from 0 to 4.8. Twenty-four of the studies were published in the Journal of Neurosurgery or in Neurosurgery. Studies published in neurosurgical journals ranked higher on the STNS scale than those published in nonneurosurgical journals. There was no statistically significant correlation between STNS and impact factors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 25) and microvascular decompression (n = 15) were the most commonly reported procedures. The diagnostic criteria were stated in 35% of the studies, and 4 studies reported subtypes of TN. An increasing number of studies (46%) used the recommended Kaplan-Meier methodology for pain survival outcomes. The follow-up period was unclear in 8 studies, and 26 reported follow-ups of more than 5 years. Complications were reported fairly consistently but the temporal course was not always indicated. Direct interview, telephone conversation, and questionnaires were used to measure outcomes. Independent assessment of outcome was only clearly stated in 7 studies. Only 2 studies used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey to measure quality of life and 4 studies reported on the severity of preoperative pain. The Barrow Neurological Institute pain questionnaire was the most commonly used outcome measure (n = 13), followed by the visual analog scale. Conclusions Similar to the STROBE criteria that provide a checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies in general, the authors' suggested checklist for the STNS could help editors and reviewers ensure that quality reports are published, and could prove useful for colleagues when reporting their results specifically on the surgical management of TN. It would help the patient and clinicians make a decision about selecting the appropriate neurosurgical procedure.

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Pretreatment of the donor tissue with free-radical scavengers reduces cell loss caused by tissue trauma. Porcine neural tissue xenografts survive significantly better in animals immunosuppressed with either FK or CsA. Additional inductive treatment with PRE or MMF reduced the infiltration of host cells into the xenografts.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of gynecologists with regard to oral and dental health during pregnancy. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to July 2019. Methods & Materials: The questionnaire was distributed among 450 gynaecologists. The evaluation tool was questionnaire. It was consisted on 23 items in which 18 questions were about the knowledge and five questions about the practice. The response of the respondents was received as yes or no. All the collected data entered in software and statistical analysis of data was done using the SPSS version 22.0. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviation were calculated. Qualitative variables were presented in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: In our study response rate was found to be 84.4%. During pregnancy related to the oral healthcare average of gynaecologist’s knowledge was 12.31±2.73 which showed that they have appropriate knowledge level. During pregnancy related to the oral healthcare measures average of gynaecologist’s knowledge was 3.31 ± 1.256 which exhibited that they have appropriate knowledge level of practices measures. A significant relationship between year of graduation and gynaecologist’s knowledge was observed (P = 0.31), whereas insignificant relationship between graduation year and practice was observed (P = 0.763). During pregnancy related to the need of oral and dental care before & during pregnancy gynaecologist’s knowledge was 3.67 ± 1.035. Conclusion: Gynecologist’s knowledge about oral and dental hygiene measure during the pregnancy was appropriate. Women who are planning their pregnancy must get knowledge from dentist, obstetricians and gynecologists to reduce the rate of complications. Effect of pregnancy on oral and dental hygiene is on the one hand and inhibition from its side effects is on the other hand. Keywords: Gynecologist, Oral Health, Pregnant women