Maternal health during pregnancy has been very critical and important for intergenerational health. According to WHO about half of anemia is believed to be due to iron deficiency anemia. In Ethiopia, the anemia prevalence was reported 22% in pregnant and believed due to IDA. Despite recommendation of iron-folic acid supplementation adherence is still low. The objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency among pregnant and association to anemia during second and third trimester. A cross-sectional hospital-based design was conducted to complete this research. 104 pregnant women were selected based on the current altitude adjusted hemoglobin status after informed consent form is signed from each participant. Serum folates, vitamin B-12 were determined using ECLIA and C-reactive protein by Cobas Integra e411. Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and CRP were defined as deficient below 3 ng/mL, 150 pg/mL and greater than 5 mg/L respectively. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 22 version. About half of pregnant women were with formal education. 68.1% of pregnant women were anemic based on cutoff point (Hgb<10.9 g/dL). Study participants deficiencies were observed in 27.9% for folate, 26.9% for vitamin B-12 and 23.1% for CRP based on WHO cut-off point. There is a positive association between folate and hemoglobin, low awareness among elder pregnant but, no association between age and hemoglobin value. There is high prevalence of CRP in comparison to previous studies. Supplementation of vitamin B-12 will be recommended including further research on risk factors including rural residents to strength the finding.

In this work the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a perforated film produced by reduction of diazonium generated in situ from p-phenylenediamine (PD) is reported. Holes were intentionally created in the modifier film by stripping a pre-deposited gold nanoparticles. The modified electrodes were electrochemically characterized by common redox probes: hydroquinone, ferrocyanide and hexamineruthenium(III). The cyclic voltammetric and amperometric response of AA using the modified electrodes was compared with that of bare GCE. The bare GCE showed a linear response to AA in the concentration range of 5 mM to 45 mM with detection limit of 1.656 mM and the modified GCE showed a linear response to AA in the concentration range of 5 ?M to 45 ?M with detection limit of 0.123 ?M. The effect of potential intereferents on amperometric signal of AA at the modified GCE was examined and found to be minimal. The inter-electrode reproducibility, stability, and accuracy were determined. The modified electrode showed excellent inter-electrode reproducibility, accuracy and stability. The modified electrode reported is a promising candidate for use in electroanalysis of AA.

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The synergetic effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) dual additives on the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries has been previously reported. This study applies in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to examine the impact of these two additives on SEI species formation over Cu anode using a base electrolyte of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The results indicate that all electrolyte components and additives can be electrochemically reduced over the Cu anode following a potential sequence of LiPO2F2 > FEC > EC > DEC. The results illustrate that LiPF6 likely interacts with the Cu anode upon contact, resulting in Li x PF y , which can lead to a reduction peak at ∼1.44 V in CV. With the base electrolyte, reduced species from Li x PF y lead to the formation of alkyl phosphorus fluorides (RPF), which can be suppressed by the presence of FEC and/or LiPO2F2. Similar to previous reports, FEC reduction in the 1st lithiation cycle leads to the continuous formation of poly(FEC), while EC is electrochemically reduced to (CH2OCO2Li)2 and Li2CO3 and DEC is reduced to CH3CH2OCO2Li and Li2CO3. With only the LiPO2F2 additive, the redox of LiPO2F2 can be found in CV with Li x PO y as the possible reduced product. In addition, Li2CO3 formation from EC and DEC reduction was relatively suppressed by the presence of LiPO2F2. The simultaneous presence of the FEC additive can suppress the redox of LiPO2F2 and partly the decomposition of LiPF6 likely via the preferential adsorption of FEC on Cu. Similar DRIFTS observations are found over the Li anode. The electrolyte with dual additives demonstrates a possible advantage from poly(FEC) and Li x PO y species formation, suppressing the reduction of Li x PF y , EC, and DEC though not completely.