Folate and Vitamin B-12 status of anemic pregnant women and association to hemoglobin during antenatal care, 17-37 weeks in Ambo Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia, a multi regression analysis of socio-economic and serum folate and Vitamin B-12

Abstract

Maternal health during pregnancy has been very critical and important for intergenerational health. According to WHO about half of anemia is believed to be due to iron deficiency anemia. In Ethiopia, the anemia prevalence was reported 22% in pregnant and believed due to IDA. Despite recommendation of iron-folic acid supplementation adherence is still low. The objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency among pregnant and association to anemia during second and third trimester. A cross-sectional hospital-based design was conducted to complete this research. 104 pregnant women were selected based on the current altitude adjusted hemoglobin status after informed consent form is signed from each participant. Serum folates, vitamin B-12 were determined using ECLIA and C-reactive protein by Cobas Integra e411. Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and CRP were defined as deficient below 3 ng/mL, 150 pg/mL and greater than 5 mg/L respectively. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 22 version. About half of pregnant women were with formal education. 68.1% of pregnant women were anemic based on cutoff point (Hgb<10.9 g/dL). Study participants deficiencies were observed in 27.9% for folate, 26.9% for vitamin B-12 and 23.1% for CRP based on WHO cut-off point. There is a positive association between folate and hemoglobin, low awareness among elder pregnant but, no association between age and hemoglobin value. There is high prevalence of CRP in comparison to previous studies. Supplementation of vitamin B-12 will be recommended including further research on risk factors including rural residents to strength the finding.

Serum folate deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

“…The prevalence of folate deficiency observed in this study was higher than previous studies reported in Niger at 44.3%, 9 Kenya at 0.8% 8 and Ethiopia at 26.9%. 27 However, it is lower than in Sudan (57.7%) 11 and Senegal (54.3%). 10 In Ethiopia, 46% of women of reproductive age were deficient in folate, 28 which falls within the scope of our study.…”

Folate deficiency among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Among the studies, nine [ 4 , 10 , 27 – 32 , 52 ] were cross-sectional studies, and one was a case-control [ 51 ]. Regarding the study setting, six of the studies [ 4 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 52 ] were done at the community level, while the other four [ 10 , 29 , 32 , 51 ] were institutional-based. Three studies [ 4 , 28 , 30 ] were conducted at a national level, whereas the other seven were conducted at the sub-national/local level—three in Oromia Region [ 29 , 32 , 52 ], one in Amhara Region [ 31 ], one in Sidama Region [ 27 ], and two in Addis Ababa City Administration [ 10 , 51 ].…”

“…Six studies [ 10 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 51 , 52 ] were conducted among pregnant women, and two were [ 28 , 30 ] done among non-pregnant/non-lactating women. However, two studies [ 4 , 31 ] were performed generally in WRA without specifying the physiological status of the women.…”

“…However, two studies [ 4 , 31 ] were performed generally in WRA without specifying the physiological status of the women. Five studies [ 4 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 52 ] applied probability sampling techniques, while the other five [ 10 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 51 ] used non-probability sampling. The sample size of the studies ranged from 99 [ 27 ] to 1647 [ 30 ], with response rates ranging from 89.5% [ 31 ] to 100% [ 4 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 51 ].…”

Hubungan Asupan Protein, Fe, Vitamin C Serta Ketepatan Konsumsi Zat Tannin Dan Kafein Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta

“…[3] Kebiasaan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang beragam, seperti contoh minum teh dan kopi juga mempengaruhi status gizi khususnya kadar Hb ibu tersebut. [7] Selama hamil kebutuhan gizi meningkat dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan sebelum hamil. Pada trimester II kehamilan terjadi penurunan konsentrasi Hb yang mencapai titik terendah dan akan meningkat kembali pada trimester ke III.…”