Overload in SIP servers is maj or hurdle for communications, especially during multimedia sessions or VoIP Calls. Earlier used mechanisms are based on multiplicative decrease with a fixed mathematical factor. This paper laid emphasis on normalization of this mathematical factor and conforming the applicability of probabilistic change during a SIP Server overload condition. This probabilistic change is based on earlier used AIMD algorithm. We show that mechanism is quite effective, preventive, and fair than the AIMD algorithm with a range of mathematical factors. Rate of transmission between the sender and receivers are adj usted accordingly.
Over the years of the emergence of peer-to-peer systems a phenomenon named 'Free Riding' has affected its performance and become a serious threat to be resolved. Free riding phenomenon was first felt in the study of Gnutella. As the number of free riders increases, the performance of the overall system decreases as free riders use resources without giving anything to the system. To solve the problem of free riding we have developed an Extended Point Based Incentive Mechanism (EPBIM) through which the users are given some incentives to share some files into the system. Our scheme attracts the users to share more and more as it gives more points to the users which provide responses for some queries of other users in the system. This scheme is different from other incentive based schemes in the way that it uses some new parameters for incentives like the time user spends in the network, upload speed of the user, how many simultaneous uploads a user is providing, how many query responses a user is giving and query forwarding of other users in the network. Our simulation results show that this scheme reduces the percentage of free riders to a great extent therefore increasing the performance of a peer-to-peer network.
The ashtāng yoga system of yoga as presented by sage Patanjali classifies yoga into a series of eight steps, at the end of which the highest aim of human life, i.e. self-realisation can be attained. One can get some knowledge about what these steps are by reading sage Patanjali’s Yoga-sūtra. However, how the aim of yoga can be attained and what are the means of attaining it cannot be easily known because the Yoga-sūtra comprises of aphorisms, which by their very nature, can be understood only if one has a thorough knowledge of the subject. This paper is an attempt to figure out the means of reaching the highest aim of yoga through the study of the Yoga-sūtra, one of the most authoritative text on the subject of yoga and another gigantic scripture in the field of yoga, the Bhagwad Gita, which is also known as the Yoga shāstra. Further, the nature of these texts is such that only an advanced yogi can understand its true meaning through his/her experiences. Therefore, the works of Swami Kripalvanandaji and Swami Rajarshi Muni have also been studied to throw more light on the subject.
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