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Objectives Alopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a strong genetic predisposition. A variety of genes involved in immunity and inflammatory responses, such as cytokines, are suspected to increase the risk of developing AA. In which, different interleukin (IL) genes that associated with several autoimmune diseases and AA in varied populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of AA with ten variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL12B,IL13,IL16,IL17A, and IL18 genes among Jordanian patients. Methods In this case-control study, peripheral blood samples of 152 Jordanian AA patients and 150 controls (total of 302 subjects) were collected, genomic DNA extracted and genotyped, based on which their allele and genotype frequencies were assessed. Results In the rs11073001 SNP located in the exon region of the IL16 gene, the A allele was distributed more frequently in AA patients ( p = 0.01). A difference was found between the patients and the controls for the rs17875491 SNP in the promoter region of the IL16 gene ( p = 0.04). The mean age of onset was 27.3±12.6 with male predominance. Most patients (68.4%) were asymptomatic but some reported experiencing associated sensations before the hair loss episodes. The patchy patterns of alopecia were the most common (90.3%). Nail changes were found in 7.3% of the patients. Conclusions The findings support the hypothesis of the involvement of IL16 gene in the etiology of AA. Moreover, it emphasizes the variations in the genetic component of AA, as well as the clinical phenotypes among different ethnic groups.

Introduction: Impaired wound healing events is a common complication in diabetes. One of the effective nutritional antioxidant on skin wound healing is vitamin E which contains saturated tocopherol and unsaturated tocotrienol forms. This present study is designed to explore the effect of different vitamin E isoforms on stitched skin wound in both healthy and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Forty eight albino rats were divided into eight groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated (d-α-tocopherol, d-δ-TRF and co-administrated) and diabetic treated (d-α-tocopherol, d-δ-TRF and co-administrated). Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Treated groups were administered d-a-tocopherol (200 mg/kg), d-δ-TRF (200 mg/kg) and co-administration (100 mg/kg of these two compounds each) orally and daily for three weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on right mid-thigh region at 2.95 ± 0.17cm in length and wound was closed with an absorbable suture. Results: Histopathological and histomorphological results at the end of 3 rd week revealed that the d-δ-TRF treated groups promote the regeneration and reorganization of epidermal and dermal components in healing of primary intention more effectively than the d-α-tocopherol and co-administrated groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that among different vitamin E isoforms the d-δ-TRF appears to be a more effective nutritional antioxidant on skin wound healing in both healthy and diabetics.

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In diabetes the structural and functional recovery of skeletal muscle is impaired due to persistent hyperglycemiainduced oxidative stress. Vitamin E is known to be essential antioxidant for maintains the skeletal muscle homeostasis thus preventing oxidative damages. This study is designed to explore the effect of d-α-tocopherol and d-δ-tocotrienol rich fraction (d-δ-TRF) on crushed muscle regeneration in both healthy and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of aqueous alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Twenty four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated and diabetic treated. Treated groups received 100 mg/kg of d-α-tocopherol and d-δ-TRF each, orally, daily for three weeks. Through a horizontal mid-thigh skin incision and splitting of the fascia gluteus maximus was approached and crushed with Kocher's forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crush-induced degenerative and regenerative changes in the muscle were studied by assessing the histological features, histomorphological measurements and biochemical analyses at the end of 3 rd weeks. One-way 'ANOVA' and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. All results revealed that the vitamin E isoforms have potency to maintain glycemic level, improve the antioxidant capacity and hasten the process of regeneration, revascularization, reinnervation and connective tissue remodeling in skeletal muscle after crush injury. It is therefore, concluded that the vitamin E isoforms are useful nutritional supplements for skeletal muscle functional and structural recovery in both healthy and diabetics.

Aim: This study aims to explain all the events of skeletal muscle repair and regeneration with the help of suitable histophathlogical photomicrographs taken from crush-injured adult albino rat’s gluteus maximus muscle. Materials and Methods: The present study is part of our previous research study related to skeletal muscle repair and regeneration in crush injured gluteus maximus muscle of adult albino rats. The samples were processed for histopathological examination using routine and special histological staining procedures. The tissue samples were examined under trinocular microscope, and the fields showing interesting findings were recorded under different magnification. Results: In this study we observed all regenerative changes in myofibers and related structures after crushed injury. Conclusion: Histopathological studies with good stainings are helpful for the easy identification of minute changes that occurs in each stages of skeletal muscle regeneration.