The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy and safety of intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) guidance for the localization of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in neonatal patients. A total of 160 neonatal patients were randomly assigned to receive either anthropometric measurement combined with IC-ECG guidance (n = 80) or conventional anatomical landmark guidance (n = 80) for PICC catheter tip positioning. The catheter tip position was confirmed by postinsertion radiograph and data were interpreted by independent radiologists. Subsequent catheter-related complications of neonates between 2 groups were also compared. The first-attempt target rate was 95.0% (95% confidence interval, 90.1%-99.9%) in IC-ECG–guided PICCs, significantly higher than 78.8% (95% confidence interval, 69.6%-87.9%) in the anatomical landmark guidance group (P < .05). In contrast, IC-ECG–guided PICCs provided a significantly lower overall incidence of the catheter-related complications (3.75%), compared with those guided by anatomical landmarks only (23.75%). Thus, combined use of anatomical landmark and IC-ECG guidance improved the first-attempt target rate of PICC placement and decreased catheter-related complications. These findings indicated a superior accuracy and safety of IC-ECG guidance to conventional anatomical landmark method in neonatal PICC practice.
Abstract-This study presents a novel miniaturized dual-band coupled-line impedance transformer.This dual-band matching technique uses the characteristics of coupled-line and dual-band stubs to realize matching arbitrary complex impedance to arbitrary complex impedance at two arbitrary uncorrelated frequencies. Especially, it satisfies the demand of dual-band matching at two relatively closed operating frequencies (n = f 2 /f 1 ≤ 1.2), and occupy a very small circuit area with inherent DC-Block function. The proposed synthesis approach is validated by the design and fabrication of a 30 W gallium nitride (GaN)-based class-AB power amplifier (PA) for GSM and WCDMA at 1800 MHz and 2140 MHz. The PA's output matching network based on the proposed structure can accurately match 50 Ω to the ideal load impedances of the transistor at two designed frequency simultaneously and has 20% and 15% bandwidth for which the reflection coefficient magnitudes are less than 0.1, respectively.
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