Intimate partner violence refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in that relationship (WHO). Correlation between perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence and childhood violence experiences of abusers have been endorsed by theory of cycle of violence since long while feminist theorists presume that an entrenched patriarchal societal configuration and an inbuilt asymmetrical power distribution among men and women are the main culprits of transmission of intimate partner violence. At the same time socio-cultural theorists suggest that the traditions and norms which sanction violence and its tolerability aggravated by attitude of humanity towards gender inequity since childhood exacerbate the situation. This article attempts to give invigorate emphasis to the relevance and importance of understanding the version of intimate partner violence from the perpetrator's perspectives to have an inclusive understanding of this violence and their violent deeds. In this study author seeks to find out the prevalence of men's perpetration of different types of violence against their intimate female partners in four districts of Gujarat, India with a descriptive study in which a multistage random sampling method is used to select the samples. Also an attempt is done to explore the correlations between intimate partner violence and men's early childhood gender inequality and violence experiences. Findings revealed statistically significant correlations between Intimate partner violence and men's childhood gender inequality and violence experiences.
Purpose: According to the World Report on Disability, prepared by the World Health Organisation and the World Bank (2011), people with disabilities still face substantive discrimination in the world of work. An ILO report (2014) on “Disability and corporate social responsibility” identified some serious issues why employees with disability throughout the world still face discrimination and human rights violation. This study attempts to examine the severity of the multiple barriers faced by employees with disability in the course of their employment.Method: Descriptive research design was used. By stratified random sampling, 100 persons with disabilities (mainly visual, hearing and physical impairments) were contacted and interviewed.Results: Most of the respondents were between 20-30 years of age and 70% were males. Around 41.2% were graduates, yet most of them had low earnings. A large proportion (87.5%) was employed in the private sector. While most of the respondents (65%) reported facing a high level of physical barriers, a large proportion (52.5%) reported high levels of psychological and information, communication and technological (ICT) barriers.Conclusion: Employees with disability mentioned several barriers and limitations with regard to transport, the attitudes of employers or colleagues, anxiety or lack of confidence, and issues relating to access and support. To ensure inclusive involvement in an organisation, employers must be sensitised on disability issues. A non-discriminative recruitment policy, an accessibility audit to minimise barriers, role-mapping of suitable positions, and adaptation of equipment to suit employees, are recommended.
At a time when there is an unprecedented surge in reported cases of abuses against children in its all forms in India and the legal, social as well as educational system continue to fail in either protecting them or empowering them to face their challenges, it is essential to equip them to learn life skills because such initiatives provide the children with a variety of alternative and creative ways of solving problems of everyday life. In this study, the authors attempt to assess the changes witnessed among rural primary school children after three months of life skill education. Improvement in their communication, participation, perception, values, behaviour, and academic performance was included in the assessment areas. Activity-based participatory learning techniques like games, role plays, drama, drawing, and reflections were included in the modules of life skills, which were used in teaching them in a non-threatening atmosphere. The experiential learning method, which gives opportunities to the subjects to have a first-hand encounter with the phenomenon under consideration instead of simply imagining the situation or merely looking into the prospect of doing something about it, helped children to have a clear understanding about these life skills and its applicability in real-life situations. Reflective sessions after hearing, observing, and practicing each skill, enabled children to think loudly about their performances and understanding about each session. Children could learn a lot from others’ viewpoints, observations, and ideas too. Detailed narration with specific activities as well as games practiced, of each module of life skill education taught to children is included in this study. Results proved that there is an improvement in life skills among children in the areas of communication, participation, perceptions, and values after having life skill education.
Perpetration of violence by men on their spouses is taking place around the world while a general understanding of the underlying precipitating factors for this violence remains limited and significant knowledge about its root causes is lacking. It is very important to understand the version of spouse violence from the perpetrator's perspectives too in order to have a complete comprehension of this violence and their violent behavior. A 24 item Men's Childhood Experience of Gender Inequity Scale [MCE-GE] and an 18 item Men's Childhood Experience of Violence Scale [MCE-V] are developed as part of this study as there were no cultural context tools available to assess these variables. In order to find out whether their childhood gender inequity attitude and violence experiences bear any impact on the prevalence of spouse violence of men, a study in multiple sites representing a range of gender equality and development indices within Gujarat, India is conducted and the findings indicate that there are very strong statistically significant links between childhood violence experiences and the perpetration of violence against women in adulthood, and this cycle of violence is facilitated and fuelled by the perpetrators' childhood gender inequity experiences.
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