Background: Worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. According to WHO estimation, by 2050 nearly 80% of stroke cases may occur in low and middle-income countries like China and India. It is critical that we understand the etiology causing the stroke so that appropriate treatment can be initiated in a timely fashion. Furthermore, understanding the risk factors associated with stroke is important before primary and secondary preventive measures can be prescribed to the patient.Methods: This observational study was carried out amongst 481 acute ischemic stroke patients that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in medicine ward of Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India from June 2018 to January 2019. Results: In our study, 481(60.43%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (39.57%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke is maximum in 51-70 years of age group which comprises of 59.46% of total patients. The average age + SD were 61.4±13.1 in our study. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 69.85% followed by dyslipidemia 51.77%. Most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (72.35%) followed by speech involvement (59.46%). Most common site of infarct was parietal (22.25%), followed by periventricular (12.68%).Conclusions: Most of the patients had ischemic stroke as compared to hemorrhagic stroke. It was more common in males. The study contributes to understanding of demographic characteristics, risk factors, and stroke subtypes in acute ischemic stroke. The importance of various risk factors among ischemic stroke subtypes should be stressed for prompt preventive strategies and treatment.

Background: Lipids are essential component of biological membranes: also a part of free molecules and metabolic regulators which control cellular function and homeostasis in the body. Liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification includes serum lipid profile. In the general population; global prevalence of cirrhosis from autopsy studies ranges from 4.5% to 9.5%. Deaths from cirrhosis have been estimated to increase and would make it as the 12th leading cause of death in 2020. Although several studies have been conducted on dyslipidemia in cirrhotics in developed countries, there is a paucity of data in this regard in India.Methods: This observational study was carried out amongst 60 cirrhosis patients that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and attended the medicine OPD and admitted in medicine ward of Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India from June 2018 to Jan 2019.Results: In our study we had 52 were male and 8 were female. The average age of the patients in the study was 49.62±13.59 yrs. 91.67 % of the patients were alcoholic. Abdominal distension (93.33%) and ascites (81.67%) were most common presenting complaints. Pallor was present in 65.00% cases. Splenomegaly was present in 29 (48.33%) patients of cirrhosis of liver. Renal dysfunction was present in 22 (36.67%) cases. We found decreased HDLC (<40 mg/ Dl) in 34 (56.67%) cases. Hypolipidemia, in particular decreased HDLC level is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and vascular events.Conclusions: From this study we can conclude that lipid abnormalities are commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis and screening for the same is important for intervention with appropriate therapy to prevent cardiovascular events. Further studies on lipid abnormalities in these patients and the need for treatment are recommended.

Background: Globally, an estimated 10.0 million (range, 9.0 to 11.1 million) people infected with tuberculosis (TB). Developing country like India accounts for one fourth of the global tuberculosis burden. TB is associated with diffuse functional impairment of most endocrine organs. Methods: We conducted a study to evaluate the thyroid profile status in new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, aged 12 years and above; attended and admitted to chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN MCH, Koraput, Odisha from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with H/o old pulmonary tuberculosis, patient with known neurological, hypothalamic-pituitary or thyroid disorders, kidney disease, malignancies and patients receiving medications known to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results were expressed in average±SD, frequencies and percentages. Continuous data were compared using Student's t-test. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant and p value <0.001 was considered as statistically extremely significant. Results: Mean age of the study group was 37.31±15.63 years. 54 patients (40.30%) were in 20 to 40 years of age group. We found, 48 (35.82%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients had sick euthyroid syndrome out of 134 pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusions: Sick euthyroid syndrome occurs commonly in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with increasing incidence with advanced age, and also seen in patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patients; therefore, requires monitoring of thyroid function test for its timely initiation of therapy.Cite this article as: Dash M, Behera BP, Sen RK. Thyroid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a prospective study in a tertiary medical college of southern Odisha. Int J Clin Trials 2020;7(2):66-71.

Objective: Efforts can be made to normalize the hematological parameters and slow the progress of the disease so that the morbidity and mortality in these patients with chronic kidney disease could be effectively reduced. Methods: The observational study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine, Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College Hospital, Baripada, between May 2018 and January 2019. Two hundred seventy patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) above 15 years of age, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study. Results: In our study, 179 (66.30%) were male, and 91 (33.70%) were female with M:F of 1.97:1. The average age of the patients in the study was 55.72±12.77 years. About 42.59 % (115) of the patients were between 46 and 60 years of age. About 35.56% of CKD cases had determined etiology and, 64.44% of cases had unknown etiology. Hemoglobin, RBC, and packed cell volume were significantly lower in the patients with CKD compared to the controls (p=0.0001), and RDW was considerably higher in the patients with CKD compared to the controls (p=0.0001). Microcytic anemia was the most prevalent type of anemia. There was a hugely significant association between the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and the severity of CKD (p=0.006). Conclusion: This study concluded that patients with CKD show abnormal hematological parameters. Evaluation of hematological parameters in these patients helps in classifying the type of anemia, aids in choosing the correct treatment modalities, and decreases mortality.

Background: Posterior circulation stroke is less common than stroke involving the anterior circulation. Posterior circulation stroke accounts for approximately 20% of all strokes with varied clinical presentation, which differ from strokes in anterior circulation, with reference to etiology, clinical features, and prognosis. Early diagnosis of stroke is essential so that appropriate preventive therapies may be instituted.