Circadian rhythms play important roles in regulating physiological and behavioral processes. These are adjusted by environmental cues, such as diet, which acts by synchronizing or attenuating the circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks, such as the liver, intestine, pancreas, white and brown adipose tissue, lungs, kidneys, as well as the heart. Some studies point to the influence of diet composition, feeding timing, and dietary restriction on metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythms at various levels. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to discuss studies addressing the effect of diet on the heart clock in animal models and, additionally, the chronodisruption of the clock and its relation to the development of cardiovascular disorders in the last 15 years. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The PRISMA guide was used to construct the article. Nineteen studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. In summary, these studies have linked the circadian clock to cardiovascular health and suggested that maintaining a robust circadian system may reduce the risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of time-of-day-dependent eating on the modulation of circadian rhythms of the cardiac clock and energy homeostasis is notable, among its deleterious effects predominantly in the sleep (light) phase and/or at the end of the active phase.
A capacidade funcional está relacionada com aspectos físicos, cognitivos e emocionais dos indivíduos e no processo de envelhecimento pode-se observar reduções em seus níveis, devido à diminuição da força muscular, equilíbrio, mobilidade e marcha. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas e meia idade no município de Conselheiro Lafaiete-MG registradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Estudo transversal, realizado com 26 mulheres sendo (n=18) idosas e (n=8) meia idade, foram submetidas ao teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira (TSLC), timed up and go (TUG), teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’) e responderam o questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36. Os resultados apontam que no TSLC e no TUG não ocorreu diferença significativa entre os participantes intragrupo; no TC6’ as mulheres de meia idade percorreram uma distância menor do que a prevista para a idade; no SF-36 quando comparados os grupos de meia idade e idosas os domínios capacidade funcional, limitação por aspectos físicos, dor, aspectos sociais, limitação por aspectos emocionais e saúde mental das idosas apresentaram um pior escore. Conclui-se que a capacidade funcional se encontra interligada com a qualidade de vida, cujas reduções na força, agilidade e equilíbrio refletiram diretamente em piora do quadro de qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.
The role of regular physical exercise is recognized for the prevention, control and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, studies show that after strenuous aerobic exercise sessions in healthy individuals can lead to cardiac damage, due to the high degree of stress imposed on myocardial structures. This study verifies the effects of swimming to exhaustion on contraction and relaxation velocities, as well as the velocity of calcium release and reuptake in cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle. Wistar animals aged 16 weeks were submitted to a protocol of swimming until exhaustion with a load of 5% of body weight and later the cardiomyocytes were isolated. It was observed that an acute session of swimming until exhaustion promoted an increase in the velocity of contraction and relaxation and an increase in the velocity of calcium release. Exercise to exhaustion promotes adverse effects on the myocardium, however more studies are needed to explain these effects and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the process.
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