ISPRA, on behalf of the Italian Ministry of Environment, carried out the initial assessment of environmental quality status of the 3 Italian subregions (Mediterranean Sea Region) on Descriptor 9. The approach adopted to define the GES started to verify that contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption did not exceed levels established by Community legislation (Reg. 1881/2006 and further updates). As the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires to use health tools to assess the environment, Italy decided to adopt a statistical range of acceptance of thresholds identified by national (D.Lgs. 152/2006 concerning water quality required for mussel farms) and international legislation (Reg. 1881/2006 and further updates), which allowed to use the health results and to employ them for the assessment of environmental quality. Italy proposed that Good Environmental Status (GES) is achieved when concentrations are lower than statistical range of acceptance, estimated on samples of fish and fishery products coming from only national waters. GIS-based approach a to perform different integration levels for station, cell’s grid and years, was used; the elaborations allowed to judge the environmental quality good.
The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) required Member States to define the concept of Good Environmental Status (GES) of their marine waters in quantitative terms and to achieve it through the assessment of 11 descriptors by 2020. ISPRA (Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research), on behalf of the Ministry of the Environment, carried out the Initial Assessment (2012) and the evaluation of the first cycle of the MSFD (2012–2018) to understand the achievement of GES Descriptor 8 (“Contaminant concentrations are at levels that do not give rise to pollution effects”) and, now, in this second cycle of the MSFD (2018–2024), is conducting monitoring of D8C1 criterion elements (“Contaminant concentrations”). In this paper, the approach, integrating data on chemical contaminants (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds) in different matrices (water, sediment and biota), adopted by Italy since 2012 to study GES for the MSFD-D8C1 criterion in national marine water is described. This approach, based on the use of a dimensionless, zero-centered index, allows one to assess all regulatory contaminants as a whole. The improvements in the monitoring strategy and the GES evaluation between the Initial Assessment, the first cycle, and the beginning of the second cycle of the MSFD for the Adriatic Sea subregion are presented.
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de funciones discriminantes en huesos largos de entierros humanos del sitio Los Tres Cerros 1 (Delta Superior del río Paraná, Entre Ríos). Debido a la gran cantidad de paquetes funerarios y huesos aislados hallados en el sitio, la ausencia de partes diagnósticas como pelvis y cráneo no permitió conocer el sexo de numerosos individuos. En este sentido, surgió la necesidad de aplicar esta metodología cuantitativa para ajustar la composición sexual de este conjunto. Las funciones discriminantes utilizadas corresponden a aquellas establecidas por otros investigadores para huesos largos de sitios del Delta Inferior del Paraná. El análisis se realizó en 37 huesos largos correspondientes a un número mínimo de 17 individuos. En primer término, se aplicaron las funciones en elementos óseos de nueve esqueletos que ya habían sido sexados previamente, mayormente a través de métodos cualitativos. Posteriormente se aplicaron a los huesos de ocho individuos con sexo desconocido. Estos resultados permitieron precisar el perfil sexual de los entierros del LTC1, observar una diferenciación sexual en las modalidades de inhumación y una mayor representación de individuos masculinos inhumados en el sitio.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.