Purpose
The hospitality industry is well-known for its high turnover rate and shift work, both of which are direct precursors to work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of WFC and FWC on turnover intention (TI) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) via literature reviews and empirical analyses.
Design/methodology/approach
The research data were collected using questionnaire surveys from employees working in the hospitality industries in Taiwan. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part, which was conducted by interviewers, included questions about WFC/FWC and TI, and the second part, which was completed by pairing the respondents’ answers with observations of supervisors, explored OCB. There were 325 effective samples collected. Reliability and validity were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Sample properties were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, and the relationship among control variables, predictor variables and outcome variables were explored via correlation analysis, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Finally, the study hypotheses were verified by structural equation modeling.
Findings
The paper attempted to identify the relationships among WFC/FWC, TI and OCB. The results revealed that: WFC and FWC were positively related to TI; WFC and FWC were negatively related to OCB; and TI was negatively related to OCB.
Practical implications
While the policy of tourism development has been promoted proactively by Taiwan’s Government in recent years, there are insufficient studies describing the relationships among WFC, TI and OCB with respect to hospitality employees. The findings from this study may contribute to human resource management and strategy development.
Originality/value
Because OCB is minimally regarded as an outcome variable, the results of this study support the relationships among OCB, WFC/FWC and TI. The results of this study will be of great benefit to supervisors as they seek to manage effectively human resources and improve and control the relationships among OCB, WFC/FWC and TI. The findings will also be of benefit to future studies.
Technology Enhanced Language Learning (TELL) via e-learning systems and the Internet, encourages language learners to develop language ability in a more effective way. The flipped classroom is one of the contemporary pedagogical methods. This research experimented with an innovative flipped classroom approach in an undergraduate English learning course for specific purposes, along with investigated the value of using flipped classroom strategy. In the new instructional model of flipped classroom, it further provided a more effective connection between traditional flipped in-class and out-of-class activities via other on-line learning activities from school's eLearning platform. This research aims to identify whether this innovative approach is a positive experience for students. The findings indicate that the impact on the student experience is significantly positive and with a higher level of satisfaction by students especially for those students who have TOEIC test experience before. Moreover, the further on-line tutoring and supporting resource were also addressed in a positive learning experience. This paper offers implementation recommendations for an innovative flipped curriculum and materials design for ESL/EFL teachers in ESP.
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