SummaryWith the advent of modern era of pharmaceutical dosage forms, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) established itself as an integral part of novel drug delivery systems. Transdermal patches are polymeric formulations which when applied to skin deliver the drug at a predetermined rate across dermis to achieve systemic effects. Transdermal dosage forms, though a costly alternative to conventional formulations, are becoming popular because of their unique advantages. Controlled absorption, more uniform plasma levels, improved bioavailability, reduced side effects, painless and simple application and flexibility of terminating drug administration by simply removing the patch from the skin are some of the potential advantages of transdermal drug delivery. Development of controlled release transdermal dosage form is a complex process involving extensive efforts. This review article describes the methods of preparation of different types of transdermal patches viz., matrix patches, reservoir type, membrane matrix hybrid patches, drug-in-adhesive patches and micro reservoir patches. In addition, the various methods of evaluation of transdermal dosage form have also been reviewed.
A study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potential of bark of Bombax ceiba (Bombacaceae). Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the bark were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity screening models such as DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of ferric ions and total antioxidant capacity. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard. In all the models studied, the extracts showed potent antioxidant activity, thereby augmenting it into the present day system of medicine.
Today’s fast and furious life style one of the major factors, which precipitate the diabetes mellitus. The treatment of diabetes mellitus, which includes the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents sulfonylurea, biguanides. Diabetes mellitus one of the major disorder which is growing at faster rate second after cancer. Long-term use of these medications will create unwanted side effects, resulting uncontrolled increase in blood sugar as well as complications with heart diseases also diabetics are highly prone to different types of microorganism and it will affect immune system of body. To avoid such problems herbal medications has greater advantages. Instead of using these types of allopathic formulations, it is beneficial to use Ayurvedic formulations for better management of diabetes mellitus. In this review, around hundred of herbal plants were showing hypoglycemic activity and still they are using as home remedies for the effective treatment for diabetes mellitus
Hygrophila spinosa T. Anderson, commonly known as Gokulakanta (Hygrophila) is a well known medicinal plant found in all over India. The different parts of the plant are used to treat various diseases in the folklore medicine as the seeds are given by hakims with sugar, milk or wine for the treatment of impotence, gonorrhea and spermatorrhoea. Active constituents such as steroids and glycosides which are under investigation, reported to possess spermatogenetic potential and the phytochemical screening has shown positive for steroids and glycosides. The present study have been carried out to investigate and evaluate the aphrodisiac activity and spermatogenetic potential of ethanolic extract of the seeds of H. spinosa (EEHS) on ethanol induced rat model for testicular injury. The EEHS at two dose levels 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. administered orally for 60 days to the ethanol induced rats produced significant (P <0.01) reversal of biochemical change in serum (Total protein, cholesterol and testosterone level) and testicular intoxication and also shows significant (P <0.01) spermatogenic activity by increase in fertility. Both doses showed significant aphrodisiac activity by increase in mounting behavior and mating performance. From the observation, it could be predicted that aphrodisiac and spermatogenic effect of EEHS against infertility may be due to hormonal and neurohumoral changes, which play an important role in the sexual behavior and fertility disorders.
Introduction: Herbal medicine, also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine, refers to the use of a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. People worldwide have been using herbal medicine for the treatment, control and management of a variety of ailments since prehistoric times. There is ample archeological evidence to support the fact that primitive man used plant and herbs for medicinal purposes.For instance, pollen analysis of numerous plants found in the grave the Neanderthal man buried 60 000 years ago in Iraq, indicated that the plants buried with the
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