Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview

Ahmed, Azhar; Karki, Nirmal; Charde, R. M.; Charde, Manoj S.; Gandhare, Bhushan

doi:10.7439/ijbar.v2i1.21

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…3 A greater charge of the polymer network gives better water absorbency including saline solution. Due to the high swelling capacity and user-friendliness, such superabsorbent materials have been extensively used in various applications such as biomedicine, 4,5 drug delivery, 6,7 heavy metals removal, 8,9 personal care products 10,11 and agriculture. 12 Most of the common and commercial superabsorbent materials in use today are mainly produced from acrylic acid polymer and its copolymers 2,[13][14][15][16][17] that are of petroleum origin, nonrenewable and nonbiodegradable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel superabsorbent materials from bacterial cellulose

Chaiyasat

Jearanai

Christopher

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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A novel process for the production of superabsorbent materials (hydrogels) from bacterial cellulose (BC) was developed. Prior to crosslinking with a water‐soluble polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), BC was first carboxymethylated and functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate. The degree of crosslinking influenced the swelling properties of the hydrogels. The use of greater amounts of PEGDA enhanced the formation of a thicker macromolecular network containing fewer capillary spaces in the crosslinked gel. The maximum water retention value of the hydrogels containing 2.5–3.5 mmol of carboxyl groups per gram of gel reached 125 g g−1 in distilled water, and 29 g g−1 in saline (0.9% NaCl solution). The highly porous hydrogel architecture with a pore size of 350–600 µm created a high specific surface area. This enables rapid mass penetration in superabsorbent applications. The superabsorbent hydrogels reached 80% of their maximum water absorption capacity in 30 min. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel superabsorbent materials from bacterial cellulose

Chaiyasat

Jearanai

Christopher

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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“…Alza Corporation specializes in microporous polypropylene and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers. Searle Pharmacia emphasizes silicone rubber (35,36). Sigma fabricates isosorbide dinitrate matrixes using ethylcellulose.…”

Section: Polymer Matrix Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adhesion takes place when elastic energy is stored during the bond breaking process. Hence, viscoelastic materials have the characteristics of pressure sensitive adhesion, and it is the balance between elastic energy and viscous flow that determines the practicability of the material (35). Natural rubber, acrylics, thermoplastic elastomers, polyisobutylene, and silicone based adhesives are generally used in transdermal patch designs (64).…”

Section: Polymers In Transdermal Patch Matrix Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

et al. 2019

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Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews various transdermal patches available in the market, types, structural components, polymer role, and the required assessment tools. Although transdermal patches have medical applications for smoking cessation, pain relief, osteoporosis, contraception, motion sickness, angina pectoris, and cardiac disorders, advances in formulation development are ongoing to make transdermal patches capable of delivering more challenging drugs. Transdermal patches can be tailored and developed according to the physicochemical properties of active and inactive components, and applicability for long-term use. Therefore, a number of chemical approaches and physical techniques for transdermal patch development are under investigation.

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“…Hydrogels, which can provide such an environment, are three-dimensionally crosslinked hydrophilic polymer networks capable to absorb and preserve large amounts of water in the swollen state. [2,3] They possess high permeability for oxygen, nutrients, cellular wastes, and other water-soluble metabolites through diffusion. [4] Natural hydrogels are mainly polysaccharides and proteins such as collagen and fibronectin, which have the ability to adsorb proteins and allow for cell attachment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase‐separated mixed‐macromer hydrogel networks and scaffolds prepared by stereolithography

Przeradzka

Bochove

Bor³

et al. 2016

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Mixed‐macromer networks prepared by using biodegradable functionalized oligomers and a combinatorial chemistry approach have shown to be networks with high water uptake, excellent mechanical properties, and good cell adhesion. This may be due to phase separation within these networks, although this has not been investigated to date. Here we show that these networks are indeed phase‐separated. In differential scanning calorimetry experiments, Tg values of each constituent material used in the networks were observed. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction experiments showed phase separation of the crystalline and amorphous phases of the networks in the dry state. In the hydrated state, however, the crystalline phase was not visible. Subsequently, we prepared designed porous 3D structures of the mixed‐macromer networks by using stereolithography. We have shown that such structures have excellent mechanical properties with compression moduli of 20–170 kPa. Unlike conventional synthetic hydrogels such as poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels, these structures do not fail under compression and return to their original dimensions after re‐equilibration in water. This make these materials excellent candidates for soft tissue engineering of tissues such as menisci or intervertebral discs. Finally, a designed porous meniscus implant was prepared. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Novel superabsorbent materials from bacterial cellulose

Novel superabsorbent materials from bacterial cellulose

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

Phase‐separated mixed‐macromer hydrogel networks and scaffolds prepared by stereolithography

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