The methods of interconversion of particle size distributions (for example, number to area or number to volume) are quite well known. Theoretical equations are derived on the basis of these methods to estimate the specific surface area of a powder sample following any one of the six important standard distributions. The equations can be used to predict the shape factors also. Mlller. I.; Freund, J. E. "Probablllty for Scientists and Engineers"; Prentice-Hall Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 348-350 Viswanathan, K.; Manl, B. P. Indkrn Chem. Ena. 1980, 22(3). 44 .Pore volume distributions and surface areas were measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry for seven coals of different rank and source location. Both pore volume and surface area are reduced during drying with little addiinal change during subsequent moderate temperature (<300 O C ) oxidation. These changes vary with drying severity and initial water content of the coals.
In this work, we study the effect of in-phase soliton interaction with and without the effect of third order dispersion (TOD) in 100Gbps telecommunication system. The relative spacing of soliton is chosen as 5.28 (qo) and their interaction is noted in one collision period or length (Lcoll). The soliton interaction without TOD is noted with 2=-2.55ps2/Km and with TOD near Zero Dispersion (ZD) point of -0.22ps2/Km. The effect of TOD decreases the interaction effect when noted with TOD value of 3=0.01 ps3/Km and further there was no interaction with high value of 3=0.1 ps3/Km. The main characteristic of TOD causing temporal shifts is noted in in-phase solitons where thehigher deviation is noted with 3=0.1 ps3/Km than 3=0.01 ps3/Km. Further, we have also examined the effect of TOD with 3 and 6 solitons pulses to note the interaction effect. Finally it could be seen that when more than 2 soliton pulses are launched, TOD would degrade the system performance, where these adjacent pulses cross each other due to temporal shifts.
In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of soliton interaction in 100 Gbps telecommunication system implemented with four types of practically deployed telecom fibers like conventional single mode fiber, Alcatel's teralight fiber, Lucent's truewave plus fiber (TW+) and large effective area fiber. With the initial relative spacing of in-phase soliton chosen as q = 5.28, the characteristic soliton interaction point and the collision length with respect to various fiber types were studied. The practical undesirability of soliton interaction is noted for three collision period with all types of fibers to characterize the degradation after successive collisions. Besides studying the soliton interaction, we have also demonstrated its effect in telecommunication system degradation with the performance measures like Quality factor and eye patterns. Eye patterns were used to picture the mechanism of soliton interaction within the collision length. It was found system implemented with TW+ fiber of low dispersion co-efficient comparatively has long interaction length and suitable for long distance transmission without dispersion compensation.
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