In our study population, cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of both forms of microscopic colitis. There were no significant differences between LC and CC, and current smoking and the development of microscopic colitis affected men and women similarly. We feel that these data are sufficient to discuss the potential risks of tobacco use in patients with microscopic colitis.

In this case-control study involving a large retrospective cohort, microscopic colitis is negatively associated with the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma. Further studies are required to determine a temporal relationship between microscopic colitis and the future development of colorectal neoplasia.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective intervention for portal hypertensive complications, but its effect on renal function is not well characterized. Here we describe renal function and characteristics associated with renal dysfunction at 30 days post‐TIPS. Adults with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS at 9 hospitals in the United States from 2010 to 2015 were included. We defined “post‐TIPS renal dysfunction” as a change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) ≤−15 and eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or new renal replacement therapy (RRT) at day 30. We identified the characteristics associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction by logistic regression and evaluated survival using adjusted competing risk regressions. Of the 673 patients, the median age was 57 years, 38% of the patients were female, 26% had diabetes mellitus, and the median MELD‐Na was 17. After 30 days post‐TIPS, 66 (10%) had renal dysfunction, of which 23 (35%) required new RRT. Patients with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction, compared with those with stable renal function, were more likely to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 33% versus 17%; P = 0.01) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (42% versus 24%; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regressions showed NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐4.17; P = 0.05), serum sodium (Na; OR, 1.06 per mEq/L; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.12; P = 0.03), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.16‐3.61; P = 0.01) were associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction. Competing risk regressions showed that those with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction were at a higher subhazard of death (subhazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.56; P = 0.01). In this large, multicenter cohort, we found NAFLD, diabetes mellitus, and baseline Na associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction. This study suggests that patients with NAFLD and diabetes mellitus undergoing TIPS evaluation may require additional attention to cardiac and renal comorbidities before proceeding with the procedure.

In this IBD cohort, risk of lymphoma was not increased compared with the general population. Risk of lymphoma was not associated with any demographic or therapy-related factors.

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BackgroundA preliminary study has shown increased pancreatic fat in patients with idiopathic pancreatitis and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine if an increased quantity of pancreatic fat is an independent risk factor for pancreatitis post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).MethodsIn this case control study, we retrospectively reviewed a local radiological and ERCP database to identify patients who had had abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by ERCP no more than 60 days later between September 2003 and January 2011. Percentage of fat was determined by recording signal intensity in the in-phase (Sin) and out-of-phase (Sout) T1-weighted gradient sequences, and calculation of the fat fraction as (Sin − Sout)/(Sin) × 2 by an abdominal radiologist blinded to clinical history. Controls matched for age, gender, and other pancreatobiliary disease were selected from a group with no post-ERCP pancreatitis (before fat content of the pancreas was analyzed).ResultsForty-seven patients were enrolled. Compared with controls, subjects with post-ERCP pancreatitis were similar in terms of age (41.4 years versus 41.1 years), gender (21.2% versus 20.2% males), pancreatobiliary disease characteristics, and most ERCP techniques. Measurements of pancreatic head, body, and tail fat and body mass index were similar in patients and controls.ConclusionIncreased pancreatic fat on MRI criteria is not an independent predictor of post-ERCP pancreatitis.

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