This study examined the farmer’s perception on climate change and adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change in the agricultural sector of Gujarat. It used farm level information of 400 farmers who were purposely selected from 8 districts. Thereupon, linear, non-linear and log-linear production function models were used to examine the impact of climate change, farmer’s adaptation strategies and technological change on agricultural production in Gujarat. The descriptive and empirical results specify that adaptation strategies (i.e., change in showing time of crops, mixed cropping pattern, irrigation facilities, application of green and organic fertilizer, hybrid varieties of seeds, dampening of seed before planting, climate tolerate crops, organic farming and technology) have a positive impact on agricultural production. Thus, farmer’s adaptation strategies are useful to mitigate the negative impact of climate change in the agricultural sector. Maximum temperature and minimum temperature, precipitation and rainfall have a negative impact on agricultural production. However, the impact of these factors seemed positive in the agricultural sector when farmers apply aforementioned adaptation strategies in cultivation. Family size, education level of farmers, annual income of farmers, arable land, irrigated area, cost of technology, appropriate technology and financial support from government have a positive contribution to increase agricultural production in Gujarat.

Purpose : This study examines the impact of climatic change on food-grain production and yield using state-wise panel data during 1977-2014 in fifteen Indian states. Accordingly, it estimates the projected food-grain production and yield by the years of 2040, 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100. Finally, it provides the effective practical and effective policy suggestions to reduce the climate change impact on food-grain farming based on existing studies. Research Method : Regression coefficients of food-grain production and yield with climatic and non-climatic factors are estimated using Cobb-Douglas production function model. Marginal impact analysis method is used to examine the projected food-grain production and yield. Findings : Empirical results infer that most climatic factors have a negative impact on food-grain production and yield in different weather seasons. Projected results are suggested that food-grain production is expected to be declined by 5.25%, 6.64%, 8.03% and 9.57% by 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100 respectively. Food-grain yield is likely to be decreased by 1.05%, 1.96%, 2.87% and 5.07% by the aforesaid years. Research Limitations : This study could not capture impact of inter-states disparities in socio-economic condition of farmers, geographical conditions, agriculture policies and public spending on agriculture and rural development on food-grain production and yield. It also could not include factors such as solar radiation, sun intensity, wind speed and heat wave in empirical investigation. Originality/ Value : It compiles state-wise panel of food-grain production and yield as dependent variables, and climatic variables and non-climatic factors as explanatory variables during 1977-2014. It examines the projected food-grain production and yield.

This study assesses the association of sustainable development (SD) with environmental technologies, forest area and developmental indictors in selected 39 economies. It develops global sustainable development index (GSDI) as an integration of environmental sustainability index (ESI), economic development index (EDI) and social development index (SDI) during 2000-2016 using composite Z-score technique. Thereupon, it explores the influence of environmental technologies, deforestation, ESI, EDI and SDI on GSDI using country-wise panel data. The results infer that there exists a high inequality in SD due to diversity in socio-economic structure of selected countries. Most developed economies have a better position in SD due to their relatively better position in environmental, economic and social developmental related variables. India, South Africa and Tunisia have low values of ESI, EDI and SDI, thus, these countries are in worst position in SD. Empirical results exhibit that SD is positively associated with environmental, economic and social development, forest area and environmental technologies. It recommended that protection of forest area maintains the quantity and quality of natural resources and provide ecological security. Accessibility of electricity for all community, discovery of environmental technologies, use of green technologies in production activities may be effective to increase socio-economic, environmental and sustainable development.

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Purpose: This study makes a comparison of the manufacturing sector and its determinants for India and selected Asian countries. It examines the factors affecting the annual turnover of randomly selected 154 firms in seven different industries of the Indian manufacturing sector. Methods: In this study, the firm’s annual turnover is used as a dependent variable. Labor productivity, age, investment on plant & machinery, annual expenditure on marketing, total employees, production technology up-gradation, shortage of skilled workers, skills to improve the process, use of hi-tech tool and technique in production activities, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, foreign collaboration, waste management capabilities and building capacity of firms are used as independent variables. Regression coefficients of explanatory variables are assessed using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression models. Results: The study concluded that the firm's annual turnover has a significant association with technological development related variables, labor productivity, age, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, and waste management practices of firms. Implications: It suggests that Indian policymakers need to adopt a strong IPRs, education, and S&T policy in research institutions. India needs to increase R&D expenditure and researchers in research institutions. Research institutions should collaborate with the existing industries to discover more technologies and innovations for the manufacturing sector. All research organizations must set up technology transfer offices to increase technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, India needs to set up hi-tech firms to face global challenges. Originality: It uses primary data of 154 firms which are collected from seven different industries across Indian states. Thus, the study substantially contributes to the existing literature.    Limitations: This study considers seven different industries that have high diversity in socio-economic, science & technological and IPRs related activities, technology transfer, commercialization of technology, and association with research institutions. Therefore, this study cannot provide policy suggestions for a specific industry.  

This study investigates the climate variability impact on potato, cotton, groundnut and sesame crops in Indian states. Thereupon, it estimates the technical efficiency (TE) of climatic and nonclimatic factors in crops farming in Indian states during 1971-2014. Production, yield and area sown of aforementioned crops are considered as dependent variables and regressed with socioeconomic and climatic variables using state-wise panel data employing C-D PFM. Sates-wise TE of cash crops is estimated using SFPFM under non-parametric condition. Estimates indicate that climate variability show negative impact on production, yield and area sown of aforesaid cash crops. Thus, it is essential to adopt effective policy to mitigate the negative consequences of climate variability in cash crop farming in India. Cropped area, production and yield of cash crops are negatively impacted due to climatic variability in India. So there needs to adopt crop specific policies to mitigate the negative impact of climate variability in cash crop farming. Finally, it estimates the technical efficiency (TE) of cash crop using SFPFM across Indian states. Estimated values of TE for production, yield and area sown of associated crops imply that there is significant variation in TE due to climate variability and huge diversity in socioeconomic characteristic across Indian states. Thus, most of states have potential opportunity to increase production and yield of cash crops through enlightening technical efficiency of inputs in cultivation.

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Seeds of tomato cv. Keabi were primed with of three important growth regulators viz Gibberellic acid (GA3), Napthlene acetic acid (NAA) and potassium nitrate (KNO3). Four concentration of each, Gibberellic acid and Napthlene acitic acid (25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm.100ppm) and two concentration of KNO3 (1% and 2%) were compared with the distilled water as control. For each treatment seeds were soaked in growth regulator for 24 hrs before put for the germination test. Fifty seeds in four replications were germinated on top of paper at 200C in seed germinator for 14 days. Normally germinated seedlings were counted which gave an estimation of germination percentage. Data was recorded on the germination percentage, shoot length, seed vigour index. Most of the treatments had significant positive effect on all the quality parameters. NAA had showed adverse effect on the root length while other growth regulators were found to be significant role to improve the root length. Maximum seed germination (74%) was observed at 50 and 75ppm GA3. Highest shoot length (4.83cm) was found at 25ppm of GA3 whereas enhancement of root length occurred with the priming of 1% KNO3 (3.52cm ). Seed vigour-I, on the basis of seedling length was observed higher at 25ppm. GA3 (720) and seed vigour –II on the basis of seedling dry weight was also observed maximum priming with 100ppm GA3 (1460). From this study it was suggested that GA3 priming has important growth regulator to enhance the seed germination as well as seed vigour. Before sowing seed should be priming with GA3 for obtaining high % germination and vigorous seedling that survive under adverse condition it also increase the uniformity of field plant stand.