Objectives: Analysis of thyroid function test, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipids profile in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) as indicators of vascular atherosclerotic disease. Study Design: Cross sectional (case control) study. Place and Duration: Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital from January 2016 to July 2017. Materials and Methods: Subjects for this study were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive sampling. A case of SCH was defined as Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) > 6.2 (μIU /ml) with normal T4 and T3 free levels. 5 ml venous blood was collected from peripheral vein. Blood was centrifuged to extract sera for the detection of serum TSH, T4 and T3, and CRP. 12 hours fasting was mandatory for blood lipid detection. Data was analyzed on software SPSS 22.0 (P-value ≤0.05) at 95% confidence interval (P-value ≤0.05). Results: Cases showed high TC, TAG and LDLc with low HDLc compared to controls (P<0.05). Serum TSH was elevated in cases compared to controls (P=0.0001). Serum CRP in controls was noted as 2.75±1.12 ng/ml compared to 9.41±1.58 ng/ml in cases (P=0.0001). Pearson`s correlation shows serum CRP was negative correlated with serum T3 (r= -0.180, P=0.074), and serum T4 (r= -0.2250, P=0.025), but positive correlated with serum TSH (r= 0.626, P=0.0001). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroid is associated with dyslipidemia and raised C-reactive protein and both may be interpreted as indicators of vascular atherosclerotic disease.
Objectives: To determine frequency of Transient & permanent hypocalcemiaafter Thyroid Surgery for Malignant thyroid disease. Study Design: Observational study.Setting: Public & Private Sector Hospitals of Hyderabad. Period: December 2008 to April 2016.Materials and Methods: All patients of Thyroid pathology who fulfilled the inclusion criteriawere admitted in the ward. They were evaluated preoperatively & surgery was performed.Postoperatively patients were assessed clinically & biochemically for Hypocalcaemia. Patient’sdata was recorded & analyzed for variables like age, sex, diagnosis of thyroid disease on FNAC,Type of thyroid Malignancy, type of thyroid surgery, Transient & permanent hypocalcemia inrelation to type of type of thyroid surgery performed & the hospital stay. Results: Total 254patients were operated for different thyroid pathologies. It includes 91(35.82%) male & and163 (64.17%) female patients making ratio of 1: 1.79. Mean age was 37.29 ±7.4 years.Amongst them 33 patients were diagnosed as Malignant Thyroid diseases. Most commontype of thyroid malignancy detected was papillary carcinoma in 48.48% patients followed byfollicular carcinoma in 42.42% patients. Most common surgical procedures performed includescompletion thyroidectomy in 57.57% patients with 01(3.03%) of them underwent cervicalneck dissection followed by total thyroidectomy in 36.36% patients with 02(6.06%) of themunderwent cervical neck dissection. Postoperative hypocalcemia was noted in 45.45% patientswith 36.36% patients developed hypocalcemia within 24 hours of operation, 6.06% within 24to 48 hours & 3.03% patients after 48 hours of surgery. Transient hypocalcemia was noticed in13/33 (39.39%) cases & permanent hypocalcemia in 02/33(6.06%) patients. Mean hospital staywas 4.13± 0.32 days. Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia was noted in 15(45.45%) patients operatedfor thyroid Malignancy. Revision surgery & cervical lymph node dissection were noted as riskfactors.
Objectives: The present prospective observational study was conducted to determine frequency and thyroid conditions as likely risk factors for hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration: Department of surgery, Liaquat University Hospital from December 2011 to December 2015. Materials and Methods: A sample of 201 patients, undergoing thyroid surgery with bilateral exploration, was selected according to criteria. Pre operative clinical work up was conducted for patient history, neck examination, thyroid hormone assay, serum calcium, Technetium99 thyroid scanning, laryngoscopy and sonography. Serum Ca++ was estimated before and after thyroid surgery.Hypocalcaemia was defined as calcium level <8 mg/dl. Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 (IBM, incorporation, USA) at 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 201 patients, male and female were noted as 93 (46.2%) and 108 (53.7%) respectively. Female to male ratio was 1: 0.86. Mean± SD age was noted as 42.3 ± 7.4 years. Overall frequency of hypocalcaemia was identified in 23 (11.4%) of subjects. Mean± SD serum calcium in hypocalcemia subjects was noted as 7.1 ± 0.78 mg/dl. Symptomatic hypocalcaemia was noted in 11 (5.4%) of total subjects. Conclusion: In the present study, an overall frequency of hypocalcaemia was identified in 23 (11.4%) of subjects. Large goiters, recurrent goiter, retrosternal goiter, hyperthyroidism and Grave’s disease were noted as risk factors.
Introduction: The purpose of this research was to present our hospital results in union of fracture Tibia managed with close intramedullary interlocking nail. Methods: This research was carried out at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science Jamshoro Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. A total of 250 patients with a closed tibial shaft fracture were recruited from the emergency room and outpatient clinics for this study. Our study's clinical outcomes were categorized as union, nonunion, delayed union, or malunion based on the criteria. All of the patients were given anesthesia, either general or spinal. All of the patients were tracked for a period of nine months. Results: In 90–150 days, about 88 percent (220/250) of patients had union, with a mean of 110.68. Union occurred in 11.2 percent (28/250) of patients in 95–109 days, with a mean of 103.38. There were 7.2 percent (18/250) delayed unions and 4.8 percent (12/250) non unions treated with dynamization and bone transplant. The outcomes were outstanding in 88 percent (220/250) of the patients and good in 7.2 percent (18/250). Our patients all had full range of motion in their knees and ankles at the time of their examination. Conclusion: We found that this approach is beneficial due to early mobilization (early weightbearing), reduced complexity, good outcomes, and low cost.
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