Background:Since a long time skin incisions have routinely been made with scalpels. Now a day there is a shift in trend from this method to electrosurgical skin incisions. However, fear of bad scars and improper wound healing has prevented its wide spread use. This Study aimed to compare both methods of skin incisions for different variables.Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine incisional time, blood loss during incision and postoperative wound complications and pain with both methods of skin incision.Patients and Methods:A prospective, comparative and randomized study was conducted at different hospitals of Hyderabad and Nawabshah, Pakistan from 1st of December 2009 to 30th of November 2011. The study included patients of either sex above the age of five years with general surgical pathology who were to undergo surgery. these candidates were randomly put into two groups. In Group A patients incision was made with a scalpel and in group B with diathermy. Data was analyzed for age, sex, comorbid illness, incisional time, blood loss during incision making and postoperative pain and wound complications.Results:A total of 283 patients completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Group A comprised of 143 (50.53%) patients; 83 (58%) males and 60 (42%) females with a mean age of 36.03 years. Amongst the 140 patients of group B, there were 85 (60.7%) males and 55 (39.3%) females with a mean age of 36.52 years. Twenty-five (17.48%) patients of group A and 27 (19.28%) of group B had comorbid illnesses. Mean incision time was 8.9025-sec/cm2 for group A and 7.3057 sec/cm2 for group B patients. Mean blood loss during incision making was 1.8262 mL/cm2 and 1.1346 mL/cm2 for group A and B patients, respectively. Pain was 5.2957 for group A patients on day one and 3.1181 for group B patients. Pain score was 2.1049 and 1.6206 on day two and 0.8191 and 0.7192 on day five, for group A and B patients, respectively. Postoperative wound complications were noticed in 26 (18.18%) patients of group A and 22 (15.71%) patients of group B.Conclusions:Diathermy incision is a safe and expedient technique. It takes less time than scalpel incision and loss of blood is also lower during incision. Diathermy is associated with lesser post-operative pain and complications than the scalpel incision. Diathermy should be method of choice in general elective surgery.

To determine demographic and clinical profile of Tetanus patients and to highlight various management strategies as well as the outcome of the tetanus patients. Background: Tetanus, a preventable disease still found in high frequency in developing world. Globally one million cases are recorded annually. This disease found more frequently in patients who are either non vaccinated or partially immunized. Diagnosis of Tetanus is solely made on clinical grounds with no definitive investigation available to confirm the diagnosis. Mortality of Tetanus is directly related to the grade of tetanus at presentation. Study Design: Descriptive observational study. Setting: Public and private sector hospitals of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: 1st Nov 2008 to 31 st Oct 2015. Materials & methods: It includes patients of either sex above the age of 13 years who were clinically diagnosed as case of Tetanus. Data was collected for variables related to demography, incubation period, site of injury, history of tetanus vaccination, co morbidity, stage of presentation, management & outcome of treatment, complications & mortality. Results: Total 131 patients of Tetanus were finally analyzed. It includes 124 (94.65%) male and 07 (5.34%) female patients with mean age of 34.06 years. 69 (52.67%) were farmers by occupation. History of injury was present in 109(83.20%) patients & incubation period was < 10 days in 39(29.77%) patients. Lower limb was the commonest site of injury noted in 86(65.64%) patients. Tetanus immunization history was positive in 63 (48.09 %) patients. Among the clinical findings, generalized bodyache or stiffness with backache was noted in 107(81.67%) patients, restricted mouth opening in 101 (70.09%) patients. Grade I Tetanus was noted in 63(48.09%) patients. Complications of tetanus were noted in 43(32.82%) patients. Mortality rate was noted in 33 (25.19%) patients. Mean hospital stay was 12.3±9.0 days. Conclusion: Tetanus is found in significant frequency in our setup which carries substantial morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To determine the outcome of laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cyst of liver at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross sectional, study was conducted at public and private sector Hospitals of Jamshoro/Hyderabad from June 2017 to Sept 2019. It includes all diagnosed patients of Hydatid cyst of liver with either of gender and age range from 15 to 65 years who were operated laparoscopically. Patient’s demographic information, postoperative complications, operative time and hospital stay were recorded via self-made proforma and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 29 patients were admitted with hydatid disease of liver and out of them 21 patients underwent laparoscopic treatment during study period; their mean age was 46.7±13 years. Males were commonest 71.42% and 28.57% were female. Mean operative time was 98.3±18 minutes. According to postoperative pain, the average of visual analog score was 07.85±1.38 at 24 hours and 3.42±1.50 at 72 hours. VAS mean was 07.8 and 3.4 respectively. Cavity related infection was noticed in 3 cases; port site infection in two cases, bile leak in two and residual cyst was also found in two patients. Mean postoperative Hospital stay was 6.6 days. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hydatid disease can be conducted safely as it provides advantages of minimal invasive surgery. Careful selection of the patient is utmost important to achieve good results especially in initial phases.

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ABSTRACT… Background: The incidence of maxillofacial fractures is greater in Pakistan. This research has the crucial aim of achieve and indexing maxillofacial injuries in poly trauma patients. Objectives: To assess the concomitant injuries with maxillofacial trauma. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: The department of Emergency and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Methods: Total 489 patients of both genders, aged ≥20 years were included. Results: more injuries 359 (73.40%) occurs among the age of 20-39 years. The mainly documented etiologic factor for injury was RTA with 69.38%, followed by assault (16.76%), fall (11.04%) and sports injury was (2.87%). With respect to related injuries, a sum of 48 patients introduced head injuries and other concomitant injuries. The most common fracture noted was mandible 296 (60.53) followed by maxillary fractures 191 (39%), Zygomatic bone complex fractures 65 (13.29%), Naso-orabital ethmoid fractures was 44 (8.99%), majority of patients 186 (38.0%) were arrived in morning time followed by 176 (35.9%) in evening, 88 (17.9%) in afternoon and 39 (7.9%) in night, regarding the day's most patients came on first working day that was Saturday 142 (29.0%). Regarding hospital mortality, 11 (2.2%) people died within less than two days after admittance. Conclusion: The results of this study may support the oral surgeons to rule out other injuries at the time of primary survey and may have a key role in awareness of individuals in prevention of road traffic accidents.