This study examines the construction of Turkey's possible membership of the European Union (EU) in French political discourse, after the Helsinki European Council of 1999. The primary objective of the article is to investigate which discursive strategies and which linguistic structures have been instrumental in this construction. Five analytical categories were investigated in this study; namely, the argumentation strategies, referential/ nomination strategies, predication strategies, as well as perspectivation and mitigation strategies. In each of these discursive strategies special attention is paid to linguistic tools, lexicalizations and rhetorical devices. The analysis shows that the core semantic strategy in the French political discourse on Turkey's possible EU membership is the construction of in- and outgroups, which is accomplished through a highly rhetorical language. Through these constructions French speakers are involved in an ongoing process of identity formation.
Objectives:It is important to determine variables that influence intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body position on IOP.Materials and Methods:The study included 52 right eyes of 52 patients who presented to the ophthalmology department of our hospital and had no ocular disease except refractive errors. IOP was measured with an Icare PRO tonometer while patients were in sitting, standing, and supine positions, with intervals of 10 minutes between the positions. Correlations between the results were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis and Wilcoxon tests.Results:Thirty-six of the 52 patients were female, 16 were male. Mean age was 31.65±6.30 (23-47) years. Mean IOP values in the sitting, standing, and lying positions were 17.76±3.41 (12.70-25.60) mmHg, 17.10±3.27 (11.50-25.20) mmHg, and 18.46±4.67 (10.50-29.40) mmHg, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between measurements taken in the different positions (p=0.112, p=0.472, p=0.071). We observed that there was no relationship between age and body position (p>0.45, p>0.79, p>0.77) or between gender and position (p>0.59, p>0.69, p>0.54).Conclusion:Gender and age had no effect on IOP measured in different body positions. There were also no significant differences between IOP values measured in the different positions. Therefore, we believe the portable Icare PRO tonometer can be used for patients who are confined to bed and will provide IOP measurements that are concordant with values obtained while sitting.
Bu makale, günden güne derinleşen mülteci krizi karşısında Avrupa Birliği'nin Türkiye'yle düzensiz göç ve sığınma politikası alanında sürdürdüğü işbirliği girişimlerine odaklanarak Birliğin uluslararası sistemdeki rolünü ve uluslararası kimlik iddialarını eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmeyi amaçlıyor. Bu amaçla makalede, AB ortak göç ve sığınma politikası kapsamında imzalanan 2013 tarihli Türkiye-AB Geri Kabul Anlaşmasıyla, bu anlaşmaya işlerlik kazandırmayı amaçlayan 18 Mart 2016 tarihli Mutabakatın AB'nin uluslararası kimliği üzerindeki olası etkileri değerlendiriliyor. Makalede ortak göç ve sığınma politikasının kozmopolit Avrupa fikrine inananların beklentilerinin aksine sonuçlar doğurduğu; ulus-üstü düzeyde yürütülen politikaların, yerleşik uluslararası normlara ve temel insan haklarına aykırı olabilecek adımlar atmaları yönünde Türkiye gibi komşu ülkeler üzerinde daha etkin baskı uygulanmasına imkân tanıdığı bulgusuna ulaşılıyor. Makalede, ayrıca, oluşturulan sığınmacı iade rejiminin, hem hedefleri, hem de yöntemsel sorunları nedeniyle, AB'nin uluslararası sistemde normatif bir güç teşkil ettiği ve çevresine ' Avrupalı' veya 'kozmopolit' değerlere dayalı normlar ihraç eden, başarılı bir 'norm girişimcisi' olduğu iddialarını ciddi anlamda zayıflattığı sonucuna varılıyor.
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