The ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion is integral in social interaction. Although the importance of facial expression recognition is reflected in increased research interest as well as in popular culture, clinicians may know little about this topic. The purpose of this article is to discuss facial expression recognition literature from various fields that may be relevant to clinical formulations and applications. In addition to highlighting some of the findings relevant to particular psychological or psychiatric conditions, the authors discuss behavioral clinical implications and applications.
This study investigated the relationship between reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and the three dimensions of moral development: cognitive, affective and behavioral. Case vignettes were used to assess moral development of typical children (n = 35), and children with a history of adoptive or foster care who did (n = 20) and did not (n = 18) meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) diagnostic criteria for RAD. Several multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted with group (RAD, Non-RAD, and control) and the dimensions of moral development. Results indicated that children with RAD exhibit more concern for external punishment and find unrealistic solutions to transgressions compared to the control group. Results are explained utilizing attachment theory, children's temperament and characteristics of RAD.
This article evaluated two screening measures designed to aid in diagnosing reactive attachment disorder (RAD): the Relationships Problem Questionnaire (RPQ) and Reactive Attachment Disorder-Checklist (RAD-C). Fifty-three parents/guardians completed both rating scales. Thirteen were adoptive/foster parents of children with a prior diagnosis of RAD, 12 were adoptive/foster parents whose children did not have a diagnosis of RAD, and 28 were the biological parents of children who did not have a mental health diagnosis (control) or a history of maltreatment. Scores on the RAD-C and RPQ demonstrated internal reliability, and the correlation between the two scales was indicative of convergent validity (r = .86). Analysis of variance with post-hoc follow-up demonstrated that both scales distinguished between children/adolescents with a diagnosis of RAD and those without (p <.01).
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