Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) still causes significant morbidity and mortality. The difficulty in considering high-risk yet curative treatments, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, lies in the unpredictable courses of both CGD and bone marrow transplantation in different patients. Some CGD patients may have frequent infections and/or suffer from granulomatous or autoimmune disorders necessitating immunosuppressive therapy, but also experience long periods of relative good health. However, the risk of death is clearly higher in CGD of all types, and the complications of CGD short of death can still cause significant morbidity. Therefore, with recent developments and improvements, bone marrow transplantation, previously considered an experimental or high-risk procedure, has emerged as an important option for patients with CGD. We will discuss the complications of CGD that result in significant morbidity and mortality, in particular the most common infections and autoimmune/inflammatory complications as well as their typical management. We will then discuss the status of bone marrow transplantation.
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