In the present investigation, we report simple, robust and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Flemingia wightiana. The leaf extract of F. wightiana acts as reducing agent which reduces the silver ions into FW-AgNPs, as well as stabilizing agent by capping around them. Biosynthesized FW-AgNPs were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis spectrum showed the characteristic SPR peak between 380 and 460 nm. EDX analysis revealed the presence of metallic silver at 3 keV. XRD analysis clearly revealed that FW-AgNPs are crystalline in nature with FCC structure. TEM analysis depicted the spherical morphology with 20-40 nm in size. DLS analysis showed that average hydrodynamic size and PDI value of FW-AgNPs were found to be 47.6 nm and 4.5 respectively. Biosynthesized FW-AgNPs showed high negative zeta potential value of − 25.3 mV. FTIR analysis revealed the participation of polyphenols and proteins in the bioreduction and stabilization of FW-AgNPs. FW-AgNPs showed strong DPPH and H 2 O 2 scavenging activity with IC50 values of 71.96 and 80.59 µg/mL respectively. Further FW-AgNPs also showed effective cytotoxicity against cancer cells including SKOV3 and COLO205 with maximum inhibition of 83.2% and 75.9% respectively.
A series of chalcone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic potential. These molecules have showed promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.24 to 63.12 μm. Among them, conjugates 16k, 16m and 16t showed significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.24 to 10.39 μm in MDA-MB-231 cell line. These compounds were further investigated for their effect on cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, Hoechst staining, annexin V, and cell cycle arrest (G2/M). The Western blot experiments revealed up regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. The studies also indicated reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-7.
The present investigation reports simple and eco-friendly biogenesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus and Sophora interrupta. UV-Vis spectra showed absorption peaks at 413 and 420 nm respectively corresponding to A. racemosus (AR-AgNPs) and S. interrupta (SI-AgNPs). TEM, DLS, XRD and TGA studies revealed that biogenic AgNPs are monodispersed, spherical shaped, thermally stable, FCC crystals and 4-15 nm in size. Zeta potential values were found to be − 28.9 and − 18.6 mV respectively corresponding to SI-AgNPs and AR-AgNPs. SI-AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus with inhibition zones of 11.8, 10.5, 9.8 and 9.1 mm respectively. Further SI-AgNPs exhibited significant cytotoxic properties against SKOV3, DU149, PC3 and A549 cells with IC 50 values of 120.87, 191.34, 235.06 and 314.27 µg/mL respectively. SI-AgNPs induce pronounced apoptotic effects on SKOV3 cells including loss of membrane integrity, chromatin condensation (pyknosis) and nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis). SI-AgNPs exhibited significant cell migration inhibition by reducing the wound healing of SKOV3 monolayers. Phytosynthesized AgNPs were found to be biocompatible towards normal (CHO) cells.Bethu Murali Sathyanarayana and Netala Vasudeva Reddy contributed equally to this work.
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