Ligand-mediated activation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor is important for normal proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells. However, activating mutations in FLT3 induce ligand-independent downstream signaling that promotes oncogenesis through pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, and survival. FLT3 mutations are identified as the most frequent genetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia and are also observed in other leukemias. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors are under development to target aberrant FLT3 activity that confers a poor prognosis in patients.

A mbulatory surgical centers (ASCs) offer surgeons an effective setting to perform procedures that do not require prolonged postoperative monitoring or an inpatient hospital stay. Advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques, short-acting general anesthetics, long-acting local anesthetics, and blood loss management have improved the safety and recovery for many orthopedic procedures. These changes to perioperative care have reduced the need for postoperative hospitalization in many surgical specialties. As a result, the number of procedures performed in the ambulatory setting has grown significantly. The health care market has been pushing for an increased quality of care at a lower cost. Ambulatory surgical centers provide an average 84% cost reduction in proce-

No abstract

No abstract