The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) in children's dentifrices marketed in the city of Lima, Peru. Three samples of 23 dentifrices (4 without fluoride and 19 with fluoride) were purchased in different pharmacies in Lima, Peru. The TF and TSF concentrations found in the dentifrices were determined by ion-selective electrode, expressed in ppm F (μg F/g of dentifrice). The TF concentration in the majority of the fluoride toothpastes matched that shown on the label, except for one declared as 1450 ppm F by the manufacturer, whereas only 515.1 ppm F was found. The concentration of TSF found in the fluoride toothpastes ranged from 457.5 to 1134.8 ppm F. All the dentifrices were formulated with silica, but one also presented calcium carbonate. In conclusion, 83% of the children's dentifrices marketed in Lima, Peru, were fluoridated, but only 53% contained a TSF concentration greater than 1000 ppm F, the minimum concentration required to provide an anticaries effect.

Bertha Angélica CHÁVEZ (b) Rodrigo Andrés GIACAMAN (c) Paulo FRAZÃO (d) Jaime Aparecido CURY (a)

Purpose: to evaluate the lingual frenulum and breastfeeding in infants from a maternal-perinatal referral center, as well as to monitor infants with ankyloglossia up to six months of age. Methods: a cohort study conducted at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal - Maternidad de Lima in Lima, Peru. The consecutive intentional sample consisted of 304 newborns and their respective mothers, evaluated during December 2017 and January 2018, which were the baseline of the study. A clinical evaluation of the lingual frenulum adapted and the Clinical Evaluation of Breastfeeding Efficacy (CEBE) scale, was performed. Results: of the 304 newborns, 15 (4.9%) were considered with altered frenulum, and only 4 (26.7%) presented a low score in CEBE. The mean of the CEBE score was 9.3. (DP=1.35, Min=3, Max=10). Of the follow-up infants, only 2 (13.3%) persisted with breastfeeding difficulties for which frenotomy was indicated. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the low prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants, as it does not indicate a trend of difficulty or negative interference in breastfeeding.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar os fatores anatomofisiológicos, psicológicos, socioculturais do binômio mãe neonato e sua associação com o início da prática do aleitamento materno. Método Estudo transversal realizado em uma Maternidade de Lima Peru. A amostra foi de 304 neonatos sadios e suas respectivas mães. O desempenho na amamentação foi estimado por avaliação clínica utilizando-se a escala de Avaliação Clínica da Eficácia da Amamentação e a autopercepção materna pela Escala de Autoeficácia da Amamentação. Razões de Prevalência (RP) multivariadas foram estimadas pela Regressão de Poisson com Variância Robusta e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados A prevalência de baixo desempenho clínico na amamentação foi de 27,6%. Primíparas associarem-se a maior prevalência de baixo desempenho quando não confiavam em ter sucesso [RP:2,02(IC95%:1,18-3,44)] e menor prevalência em ter boa pega [RP:0,52(IC95%:0,29-0,95)], assim como em enfrentar com êxito [RP:0,59(IC95%:0,37-0,91)]. As multíparas, apresentaram maior prevalência quando não confiavam em manter-se motivadas [RP:3,47(IC95%:1,67-7,22)] e em acalmar o neonato [RP:4,07(IC95%:1,83-9,95)]. Houve menor prevalência em manter o neonato acordado [RP:0,32(IC95%:0,14-0,75)] e quando não se sentiam confiantes na presença de seus familiares [RP:0,29(IC95%:0,13-0,64)]. Conclusão É importante que profissionais da saúde estejam atentos às questões emocionais, sociais e culturais para a promoção de um aleitamento materno com qualidade.

of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases (patients who were specifically coded as "Castration-resistant prostate cancer" (ICD-10, C61) and "8848040" (Japan MEDIS-DC)), who had been treated with ADT and a CRPC-targeted treatment (according to approved indication). Results: 276 patients were identified, with a mean age of 71.0 y.o (S.D. 8.7). Visceral metastasis was present in 43.8% of the patients, with the most common site being the lungs (34.4%). The mean treatment period for mCRPC was 34 months. 87.4% had undergone medical Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), with 5.8% undergoing surgical ADT. Radiation therapy was given to 29.3% of patients, and 40% had been treated with opioids. 89.5% of the patients had undergone bone scanning. There were an average number of 67 outpatient visits and 2.8 inpatient admissions per patient during the treatment period. A mean of 9.9 laboratory and imaging examinations in the year prior to CRPC diagnosis was observed, increasing to a mean 28.6 one year post-diagnosis. The most common diagnostic and imaging combination done prior to mCRPC diagnosis was bone scintigraphy, CT, PSA, and blood biochemistry test. Mean per patient monthly costs increased 6-fold from prior to CRPC to post-CRPC diagnosis. ConClusions: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer brings about increased resource use for patients in Japan, with a three-fold increase in diagnostic and monitoring tests, increased hospital visits, and increased monthly per patient costs as a result of diagnosis.