Objective-To determine the prevalence of visual disability and common eye disease among elderly people in inner London.Design-Cross sectional random sample survey. Setting-Inner London health centre. Subjects-Random sample of people aged 65 and over taken from practice's computerised age-sex register.Main outcome measures-Presenting binocular Snelien 6 m distance acuity and best monocular 3 m Sonksen-Silver acuity to classify prevalence ofblindness by World Health Organisation criteria (less than 3/60 in better eye) and American criteria for legal blindness (better eye equal to 6/60 or less) and of low vision by WHO criteria (best acuity 6/18) and visual impairment by American criteria (less than 6/12 or 20/40 but greater than 6/60 or 20/200 in better eye). Principal cause of visual loss by diagnosis, referral indication by cause to hospital eye service, and proportion of cases known to primary care.Results-207 of 288 (72%) eligible people were examined. 17 (8%) housebound subjects were examined at home. The prevalence of blindness was 1% by WHO criteria and 3*9% by American criteria.
This glossary contains a small number of terms from the field of cardiovascular disease, selected for a non-specialist readership.
The findings of a survey of 3262 women doctors registered between 1945 and 1974 are reported. The results are based on 2433 returned questionnaires (75% response). The survey confirmed that the special forms of assistance provided to enable women doctors to continue training and to work after graduation are inadequate. Although the Women Doctors' Retainer Scheme and part-time training schemes are suited to women's needs, they are insufficiently publicized, inflexibly administered and limited in availability. The need for a counselling service for women doctors is not met. Facilities for child care on NHS premises are very deficient. With more substantial provision of all these forms of assistance to women doctors, the scope and extent of their contribution to medicine could be increased. The Medical Register is an unreliable means of ascertaining the numbers and whereabouts of women who may require this special assistance. The main problem now is not a lack of ideas about suitable provision for women doctors, but the implementation by the relevant authorities of the proposals already made, to enable both women doctors themselves and the NHS to benefit.
Fifteen years ago, the first surveys of women doctors in Britainl 2 drew attention to the fact that, while many were happily and actively engaged in medical work, a proportion were facing difficulties and disappointments in their careers. There have been many changes in the Health Service since then, but there has been little statistically sound evidence to suggest that the position for women in medicine has improved. This survey has updated our knowledge of the families and careers of women doctors, with particular reference to the extent of, and reasons for, dissatisfaction. (17-4 %), psychiatry (15-4 %), paediatrics (10-4 %), medicine (10-2 %), and obstetrics and gynaecology (9-4 %). MethodOf the part timers 66 % were working five or more sessions a week, 21 % three or four sessions, and 13 % were working only one or two. Eighty-seven per cent of all part timers were working regular sessions and were more likely to be doing so the more sessions they worked. Twenty-nine per cent wished to take on further sessions: 66% of these said that suitable jobs were not available and 23 % mentioned lack of adequate child care facilities as a problem preventing them from taking on more work.Of the 213 respondents not currently employed in medical work 74 % were married women with children. Nineteen per cent of women with at least one child under five were not working, compared with 6 % of those with only children over 5 (P < 0-01). Reasons given for not working are shown in table IV. Of the 770 respondents who had given up work to care for children or other dependents 22 % said that they had chosen to do this rather than working. Eighty-two per cent of unemployed respondents intended to return to medical work at some time.Seventeen per cent of respondents were not able to train and/or work in their preferred specialty. Twenty-three per cent of women with children expressed dissatisfaction with their specialty compared with 9 % of women without (P < 0-01). Fifty-four per cent of those not in their preferred specialty thought that domestic responsibilities had limited their choice, 33 % said that there had been no suitable training facilities, and 20% thought that they had been discriminated against on grounds of sex. PROBLEMS IN CAREEROnly 40% did not believe that there were career problems for women in medicine. Twenty-four per cent thought there were difficulties only for married women, and a further 21 % specified only married women with children. When asked about problems in their own career, 40 % thought that they had not encountered difficulties. Even so, 13 % of this minority specified that this was because they had been lucky, and a further 15 % expected to meet problems in the future. A significantly higher proportion of those who had not experienced problems were childless and had qualified within the past six years. Results CHARACTERISTICS
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.