Background:
Iron deficiency may inhibit the height increase and weight gain of children.
On the other hand, the supplementation of iron causes gut microbiota imbalance which leads to inflammation
and diarrhea. The addition of synbiotic fermented milk is expected to have beneficial effects
on iron supplementation. This study aimed to determine the effects of iron supplementation only
and its administration with synbiotic fermented milk on iron status, body height and weight, and
gut microbiota profile of iron deficient elementary school children.
Methods:
This research was an experimental study with pre and post test conducted on 59 irondeficient
children. Subjects were given iron supplementation in syrups (IS group) or given iron supplementation
in syrup with fermented milk (containing synbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13
and fructo-oligosaccharide) (ISFM group) for 3 months. The body weight and height, hemoglobin
and serum ferritin levels, and total number of Lactobacilli, Enterobacteria, Bifidobacteria, and Escherichia
coli were measured at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results:
The body height in the ISFM group increased significantly than that in IS group after the intervention
(1.67 vs. 2.42, p<0.05). The hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in IS and ISFM groups
were improved significantly (p<0.05) although the difference between the two groups was not significant
(p>0.05). The results showed no significant difference of gut microbiota profile between the IS
and ISFM groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
There is no difference on the iron status, height, weight, and gut microbiota profile of
iron-deficient primary school children received iron supplementation only or iron supplementation
with synbiotic fermented milk.
The aim of this study was to develop a new exercise regime with a mixture of aerobic and strength training combined with a low-calorie diet (1200 kcal/d) and to evaluate its health benefit in overweight/obese individuals. In 8 weeks of study, participants were divided into 2 groups: a low-calorie diet alone and a low-calorie diet with exercise regimen. The low-calorie diet combined with aerobic and strength training had a superior effect on weight loss and improved body composition (but not on glucose and lipid profile compared with low-calorie diet alone).
Background: The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with many factors, including the consumption pattern of energy-producing food, i.e. carbohydrate and fat, which is, most likely associated with ethnicity. In Riskesdas 2007, Jayapura held the highest prevalence of obesity in adults in Indonesia. Jayapura lived the Papuan and Non-Papuan descents population. Objective: To determine the association between energy intake, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake in overweight/ obesity in Papuan and non-Papuan high-school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 Papuan and 150 non-Papuan students from three high schools in the district. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight/obesity and not-overweight/ obesity. Source of energy was estimated using 3 (three) days non-consecutive 24 hours of food recall questionnaire. Energy intake and the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake were analyzed with an independent t-test and Chi-Square test. Results: The prevalence of overweight/ obesity was similar between Papuan and non-Papuan students (22.0 vs. 23.0%). The two groups had a similar amount of energy intake, however, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to the total energy intake was significantly different. Obese/ overweight students had a significantly higher intake of energy, however, within the same ethnic group, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat in obese/ overweight students did not significantly differ. Conclusions: High energy intake was associated with overweight/obesity in both groups. The contribution of carbohydrates to total energy intake was higher in Papuan. However, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake was not associated with overweight/ obesity in both groups.
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