The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) changes in consumption of alcohol among pregnant women over a period of 5 years (1984/85-1990), (2) changes of attitudes towards drinking during pregnancy in the general population over the same period of time, and (3) possible connections between (1) and (2). The investigation was designed as a cross-sectional study. Our subjects were two representative samples of pregnant women in Oslo, n = 377 and 425, and two representative samples of the Norwegian population, n = 1004 and 1204. The main outcome measures were a self-completed questionnaire for the pregnant women and a personal interview for the general population sample. There was a significant reduction (50% decrease) in alcohol consumption among the second cohort of pregnant women compared with the first. Furthermore, we found an increase during the 5-year period in the number of persons with a restrictive attitude towards alcohol use during pregnancy. There seems to be a connection between these two phenomena, but with our present state of knowledge it is hard to say anything about the causal relationship between them.
A sample of 416 pregnant women were interviewed with emphasis on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and legally prescribed and illegal drugs before and after onset of pregnancy. The results indicate a significant reduction in alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and the use of legally prescribed and illegal drugs in connection with the pregnancy. There was no correlation between socio-economic level and use of intoxicants. There was a correlation, however, between the use of intoxicants by the pregnant women and the use of such substances by other significant persons in their environment.
Hans Andreas Sande: Changes in alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy Objective: to chart the use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy. Design: prospective study. Setting: outpatient clinic at a major hospital in Oslo at the time of 17th week ultrasound examination and the maternity ward at the time of delivery. Subjects: representative sample of pregnant women in the Oslo area. Main outcome measures: interview at 17th week of pregnancy, questionnaire at time of birth, biological markers for tobacco and alcohol. Results: Alcohol consumption decreased significantly, mainly among women with low levels of consumption. Use of tobacco showed a relatively stable tendency during pregnancy. Bente Marie Ihlen & Arvid Amundsen & Liv Trønnes & Hans Andreas Sande: Forløpet av alkohol-og tobakksbruk under graviditet Syfte med studien var att kartlagga bruket av alkohol och tobak under graviditeten. Detta har gjorts med en prospektiv studie på ett representativt urval gravida kvinnor i Oslo-området. Kvinnorna intervjuades på en poliklinik vid ett av de starre sjukhusen i Oslo vid ultraljudsundersakning i 17:de veckan. Ett uppfaljande frågeformular fylldes i på sjukhusets farlossningsavdelning efter farlossningen. Dessutom anvandes biologiska markarer for tobaks-och alkoholbruk. Alkoholkonsumtionen minskade avsevart under graviditeten, sarskilt bland dem som ursprungligen konsumerade litet. Tobakskonsumtionen låg på en relativt konstant nivå under graviditeten.
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